The Alternative Beverage Industry Commerce Essay

The Alternative Beverage Industry Commerce Essay After analyzing the case study, we can conclude that strategically relevant components of the global and U.S beverage industry macro environment are the rapid growth of the product inclusive of high profit margin and premium pricing of alternative beverage. Each group demands for different types of alternative beverages which divide the global market into various types of products such as energy drink, sports drink, relaxation drinks. In the year of 2009, the US drink data was accounted of sport drink at sixty percent, vitamins enriched drinks and energy drinks about twenty three percent and alternative beverage sales at eighteen percent. In the context, when consumers are focusing on reducing the consumption of carbonated soft drink, alternative beverages are the medium of the soft drinks companies to maintain the sales volume growth as well as furnishing to different demographics. The number of sales of the drinks depends on the demand of the group for example children prefer juice drink, adults to energy shots, athletes to the vitamins enhanced drinks. This all demand differs alternative beverages from the usual carbonated soft drinks that people were used to drink. Now, alternative beverages offer variety of products which consumers could consume for different activities. 2. What is the competition like in the alternative beverage industry? Which of the five competitive forces is strongest? Which is the weakest? What competitive forces seem to have the greatest effect on industry attractiveness and the potential profitability of new entrants? Innovation is the vital source of creating the competition in the globalised market and alternative beverages are facing competition on the basis of differentiation from the traditional drink or the fruit juices. Alternative beverages are inclusive of vitamin enriched drinks, energy boosting drinks, sport drinks etc. and to develop the brand loyalty it totally relies on the test, properties and ingredients of the drink. To meet with the competing company works on the advertisement, brand name, nutritional properties, packaging and unique flavors. The PepsiCo and the Coco Cola having a big market share and their products have a strong presence on the consumers and the production of alternative beverages is very easy job for them. This action can dominate such channels of the alternative beverages. Therefore, from all the five competitive forces, strongest is the action of the firm which is already providing a variety of drink products. However, the weakest competitive force is the bargaining power which is exercised by the buyers only. At the time when alternative beverages were introduced company use to sell it at the high price and customers pay for it and now if customers are willing to pay a higher price for the product company will have to sell it on the same price. The established companies seem to have a greater effect on the new entrants like PepsiCo and coco cola because they already have a huge number of loyal customers that follows their brand. If they introduce a new product in contradiction to the new entrants, customers more willingly adopt their products more than the new company. 3. How is the market for energy drinks, sports drinks and vitamin-enhanced beverages changing? What are the underlying drivers of change and how might those forces individually or collectively make the industry more or less attractive? Customers are becoming more health conscious and they are aware about the positive and negative effects of the drinks. Therefore they reduced their consumption of the alternative beverages which slow down the demand and sales of the product. Due to recession customers are becoming more money conscious and spending very less in the alternative beverage and it indicates that the market becomes mature and there is no scope for longer growing. Change in the product innovation, long term growth rate and industry consolidation are the driving force of the alternative beverages. The second forces segmented with the alternative beverage industries have consolidated as the market has matured and leaders have been established for example in the year of 2010, Coco Cola controlled the Red Bull GmbH and Henson natural corporation. However, the individually or collective effect of the industry driver of change is likely to make the alternative beverage companies less attractive until and unless such companies gain a first mover advantage. 4. What does your strategic group map of the energy drink, sports drink, and vitamin-enhanced beverage industry look like? Which strategic groups do you think are in the best positions? The worst positions? Strategic group map of the energy drink, sport drink and vitamin-enhanced beverages shows that companies are competing in the scope of brand portfolio favor and geographical distribution. It indicates that the company which is competing globally and having broad brand portfolios is positioned well in the market. However, companies which are working regionally and on national distribution only or having a single brand seems to be the worst position in the industry. As per the case analysis PepsiCo and Coco cola are in the best position due to having a wide range of products and Red Bull considered as being in the worst position as they are having a low variety of products. 5. What key factors determine the success of alternative beverage producers? The following key factors determine the success of alternative beverage producers. The test should be appealing and unique to the customers. Advertising and Promotions in such an effective way that spread awareness about the products and can establish the brand image. Access to the distribution of the product in order to achieve good sales volume and market share. An innovating Product skill which can differentiate the alternative beverage from the traditional drinks. 6. What recommendations would you make to Coca-Cola to improve its competitiveness in the global alternative beverage industry? To PepsiCo? To Red Bull GmbH? According to the case, Coco- Cola should research the country and conclude about the test, customer preference and demand than introduce the product in the market. They should try and introduce new flavors also and should discontinue the non preferable and profitable products. PepsiCo has largest market share in the US as well as in the global market. In the case study it mentioned that PepsiCo had introduced alternative drinks blood shot, charge, defend and rebuild but customers are not aware about this product. Therefore, PepsiCo should enhance their marketing and promotional activities. PepsiCo could also try for more energy drinks. Red Bull GmbH should improve their strategy to increase their market share. As red bull is a very popular flavor therefore they should introduce more flavors instead of focusing on one flavor. They should enhance their water line drinks or sport line drinks. The company can research the market requirement and can develop a new line of products to become competitive in the market.

The role of the new age manager

The role of the new age manager Managers work in a dynamic environment and must anticipate and adapt to challenges. With regards to the above statement, discuss the role of the new-age manager by taking an example of any Indian organization. Different challenges of a managers:- Its not possible to invest time in something thats not on your radar. Some kind of valuable radar enhancement is needed. Solution of the challenges for manager is Systematically . When youre far enough along with your current alternative try to pick another good alternative that fits the new you and the needs of the then current reality. Repeat some kind of loop similar to the preceding. this help to manager they dont spend a lot of time in one work. Over booked and mismanaged resources: Project teams often complain that they do not have accurate or up to date information about their resources and what they are working on. Many project teams have more demand for projects than they have team members to execute the projects. If resource allocation is an issue, then a decent mid-market or high end solution may be the only options. 3 Supply Chain Management: In supply chain management manager faced a lot of problem which include strike of politic parties , as well as With the increase in outsourcing and globalization, managing the flow of supplies and raw materials, as well as finished products, can now extend across thousands of miles, dozens of time zones and numerous language barriers. 4 Human Capital Management One of the other challenge of manager is human capital management . Because a companys operations can now exist across various countries and geographic areas. When brain drain occur at that time how manager manage these type of worker. Example: how can the needs of workers in China be met as effectively as the needs of workers in Los Angeles or Minnesota. Further more, what is the best way to meet the needs of these employees and also best utilize their skills and talents to keep the business functioning smoothly. Figuring out these challenges is a constant struggle faced by many businesses, and one that will not likely go away in the near future. one of the example which is occurring in Canada , both in response to, and in anticipation of climate change impact. Adaptation initiatives have been undertaken at scales ranging from individuals and community groups to industry and governments. Much of this adaptation has been achieved through informal actions or strategies in response to specific events or circumstances, and where the capacity to take action existed. There are also some examples of policy initiatives that provide a more structured approach to adaptation, such as the New Brunswick Coastal Areas Protection Policy and British Columbia Future Forests Ecosystem Initiative. Actor Example Individuals . Northerners are more frequently using insect repellents, bug nets and window screens to deal with the increased proliferation of insects. . Residents of remote coastal communities are better prepared for shortages (i.e., power, food, transportation) due to recent experience with inclement weather conditions.   Industry Thermosyphons have been used in the construction of several major infrastructure projects in the North to induce artificial cooling of permafrost under warming conditions. .Agricultural producers purchase crop insurance to offset losses caused by inclement weather. Hydro Quà ©bec has modified its forecasts of electricity demands based on new climate scenarios. Governments The municipality of Sept-Iles has regulated new residential construction along the shoreline to prevent damages due to shoreline erosion.   Water meters have been installed in the Southeast Kelowna Irrigation District and several Canadian cities (e.g. Kelowna, BC; Sudbury, ON; and Moncton, NB) to reduce water consumption. Newfoundland is undertaking a thorough review of emergency management practices and response mechanisms. This is the factor which occur Several adaptation initiatives address current risks and take into account the likely impacts of future climate change. These include most major new infrastructure development in northern Canada, such as mine sites, pipelines and large buildings, where adaptive solutions include the use of Thermosyphons to induce artificial cooling of permafrost under warming conditions. The role of the new-age manager by taking an example of any Indian organization. ICA stands for The institute of computer accountant. Mr. Ashok Tekriwal he is the branch manager of the institute. C:UsersAPicturesicalogo.jpg About ICA: ICA start with Account Training and ends with a Guaranteed job. The organization was formed by a group of professionals with considerable work experience in the field of accounts and taxation. The journey started in 1999 and after ten years the institution was spread up its wings to more than 300+centres with 3 zonal offices and 30+placement offices across India with Head office at Kolkata. The ICA family includes more than 3000+competent staff members and more than 2,00,000students. Address: Main road Ranchi, Opposite big bazaar, Near over bridge, Ranchi. Contact no :0651-2332103. Role of manager: * To have contact: One of the basic role of ICA manager is to establish and maintain a contacts with many people both within and outside the business. The persons with whom he has regular contacts within the organization include his subordinates, fellow managers and so on. Government officials , staff , that include marketing staff , placement staff etc. * To have attain Target: One of the basic role of ICA Managers is work under pressure most of the time as they have targets to achieve. This is particularly true in the case of admition of student ,Placement of the student as well as good service for the student. * To act as a Leader: One of the basic role of ICA manager is he always stand each and every person in front of any challenges or problem. He has to set an example to his subordinates. He must be sincere , honest and committed to his work. Only then, he will be able to guide and motivate the subordinates under him. * To ensure the proper use of resources: one of the basic role of ICA manager to ensure the proper use of resource which is directly related to the student as well as for the institute such as men, machines, materials and money are optimally utilized. * To resolve the Conflict: One of the basic role of ICA manager to Whenever there are conflicts between the employees over certain organizational matters, the manager is expected to resolve all such conflicts and arrive at an amicable solution. * To handle Situation: One of the basic role of ICA manager is also expected to handle crisis that may arise in the organization .such as salary not paid of worker ,some problem between the worker etc. In such a situation the manager has to act swiftly and wisely and find remedy. Question. Approach any small size company in your city, contact the HR manager and get the details of the organization structure with names. Then chalk out the main functions of the top management, middle management and supervisory management with respect to that company and discuss their roles and responsibilities. Answer New Image About us anand rathi. Anand Rathi is a leading full service investment bank founded in 1994 offering a wide range of financial services and wealth management solutions to institutions, corporations, high-net worth individuals and families. The firm has rapidly expanded its footprint to over 350 locations across India with international presence in Hong Kong, Dubai London. Founded by Mr. Anand Rathi and Mr. Pradeep Gupta, the group today employs over 2,500 professionals through out India and its international offices. Anand Rathi has been named The Best Domestic Private Bank in India by Asia money in their Fifth Annual Private Banking Poll 2009. The firm has emerged a winner across all key segments in Asia moneys largest survey of high net worth individuals in India. Top level management. * Board of Director. MR. Anand Rathi. Founder Chairman Prior to establishing his own company, Mr. Rathi headed Indian Rayon Industries, as Senior President. In his 40 years of being in the corporate world, Mr. Rathi has held several key positions on various regulatory and professional boards, including, President, Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), and Member, Central Council of Institute of Chartered Accountants (ICAI). As President of BSE, Mr. Rathi played a key role in the expansion plan of BOLT, the online trading system of the Exchange and setting up of the Trade Guarantee Fund. He was the moving force behind setting up of the Central Depository Services (India) Ltd. He is a gold medalist Chartered Accountant. Mr.Pradeep Gupta. Co-founder Vice chairman. With over twenty years experience in the securities market. Co-founder and key driver of the Retail and Institutional Equities business of the group. Mr. Amit Rathi. Managing Director A rank holder Chartered Accountant and an MBA from Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University joined the group in 1998.Calling him a financial guru, the Times of India group, listed Amit rathi in 2008 amongst the top 51 young Marwaris in India (under the age of 40). Mr. V. Srikanth. Director Mr. Srikanth association with the group of has been of just over year now. Previously Senior Vice President with HSBC Wealth Management. With over 12 years of experience he has worked with organizations like Citibank and Zà ¼rich AMC. A PGDBA (Finance Marketing) and a Diploma in Business Finance (ICFAI Hyderabad). Middle level Management. Under the director. There is thirteen regional director. Regional director is director of all sell. Regional director is direct reporting to the Director. Regional manager provide all the feedback of all the branch. *Branch Manager. *Franchise. *Cross sell. *Operation. *HNI {High network individual}. *Branch Manager: According to Anand rathi there is Branch Manager They are responsible for the administration and efficient daily operation of a full service branch office, including operations, lending, product sales, customer service, and security and safety in accordance with the Banks objectives provides a superior level of customer relations and promotes the sales and service culture through coaching, guidance and staff motivation; achieves individual and branch sales goals through new business sales, referrals and retention of account relationships. Branch manager direct reporting to the regional manager. Branch manager provide all the feedback of branch to the regional director. * Franchise: A system of distributing goods and services in which one organization (the franchisor) grants the right to another (the franchisee) to produce, sell or use its developed product service or brand. A franchisee is a retailer licensed franchised to sell or use the franchisors products. According to anand rathi the main function of franchise holder is opening a new franchise. Trading as well as investment. The income ratio of franchise to open a new franchise is 60% 40% for the company. * Cross sell Cross-sell is a marketing term for the practice of suggesting related products or services to a customer who is considering buying something. According to anana rathi the cross sell manager selling or suggest to the customer which Life insurance(LI).mutual fund, Tax saving bond are beneficial for the customer. *Operational head: The design, execution, and control of operations that convert resources into desired goods and services, and implement a companys business strategy. According to anand rathi operational head solve over all operational issue. *High network individual(HNI) A classification used by the financial services industry to denote an individual or a family with high net worth. Lower lever management *Dealer: A person or business firm acting as a middleman to facilitate distribution of securities or goods. According to anand rathi He got a order to buy or sell equity commodity as Well as account opening. * Financial planner(FP) Financial planning is a systematic approach where by the financial planner helps the customer to maximize his existing financial resources by utilizing financial tools to achieve his financial goals. According to anand rathi FP are selling mutual fund.they work in insentives basis. *Relationship manager: A professional who works to improve   a   firms relationships with both partner firms and customers Relationship. According to anand rathi RM also involve in account opening like Trading account etc. *Staff boy According to anand rathi staff boy transfer a file and other important paper one table to other table. Name- Vikash kumar goswami. Program-MBA CN. Reg. no.-PU11MCNO 007.

Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster Essay -- Chernobyl History Nuclear Essays P

Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster The Chernobyl disaster was the worst industrial disaster in the history of the world. On April 26, at 1:24am reactor number 4 at the Chernobyl plant blew up. The explosion was the result of an experiment that, due to human error, went awry. The operator at the time made the first mistake that lead to the disaster by disabling automatic shutdown mechanisms. When the operator then went to shut down the reactor from its unstable condition the poor design of the reactor and its systems caused a dramatic power surge within the reactor. Following the explosion radioactivity with an intensity equivalent to 500 of the bombs that destroyed Hiroshima at the end of World War II was measured in the atmosphere.2 Radioactive dust was carried as far away as Sweden where the disaster was first detected and reported.1 Directly after the accident, an area of 30 kilometers was declared restricted. Within this area about 116,000 people were evacuated. The numbers of people that have been affected (inclu ding but not limited to the amount of people that have died) from this disaster are not known due to poor documentation. Estimates have the number dead at about 15,000 people that have died as a direct result of the explosion. The people in the surrounding towns were exposed to radiation but the number that is questioned is how many rescue workers actually responded and were affected. Some statistics that have been studied are the affects that this disaster has had on local agriculture. Many different attempts have been made to control and clean up the contamination in local agriculture areas. Even though these attempts have been made many large areas of agriculture land are still excluded from use. The local forests con... ...ll never know. Twenty plus years has passed since the Chernobyl disaster and the United Nations recognizes three to four million children that are suffering from that disastrous day in April of 1986.8 The worldwide change that has come about since the disaster is the only positive thing we can take from it. The updated nuclear technologies and safety measures that can be attributed to Chernobyl came with one huge price, human life. Sources Cited: http://home.swipnet.se/~w~33296/EFFECTS.HTM. (#1) http://www.power-technology.com/projects/chernobyl/ (#2) http://www.nea.fr/html/rp/chernobyl/c06.html (#3) http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/fschernobyl.html (#4) http://www.greenfacts.org/chernobyl/l-2/5-social-economic-impacts.htm#3 (#5) http://www.uic.com.au/nip22.htm (#7) http://www.chernobyl-international.org/ (#8)

Why Safety Belts? :: Car collisions

Why Safety Belts? To understand the value of safety belt use, it's important to understand some of the dynamics of a crash. Every motor vehicle crash is actually comprised of three collisions. The Car's Collision The first collision is known as the car's collision, which causes the car to buckle and bend as it hits something and comes to an abrupt stop. This occurs in approximately one-tenth of a second. The crushing of the front end absorbs some of the force of the crash and cushions the rest of the car. As a result, the passenger compartment comes to a more gradual stop than the front of the car. The Human Collision The second collision occurs as the car's occupants hit some part of the vehicle. At the moment of impact, unbelted occupants are still travelling at the vehicle's original speed. Just after the vehicle comes to a complete stop, these unbelted occupants will slam into the steering wheel, the windshield, or some other part of the vehicle interior. This is the human collision. Another form of human collision is the person-to-person impact. Many serious injuries are caused by unbelted occupants colliding with each other. In a crash, occupants tend to move toward the point of impact, not away from it. People in the front seat are often struck by unbelted rear-seat passengers who have become high-speed projectiles. The Internal Collision Even after the occupant's body comes to a complete stop, the internal organs are still moving forward. Suddenly, these organs hit other organs or the skeletal system. This third collision is the internal collision and often causes serious or fatal injuries. So, Why Safety Belts? During a crash, properly fastened safety belts distribute the forces of rapid deceleration over larger and stronger parts of the person's body, such as the chest, hips and shoulders.

Life and Death :: essays research papers

Throughout history man has made many journeys, far and wide, Moses great march though the Red Sea and Columbus’ crossing of the Atlantic Ocean are only a few of mans greatest voyages. Even today great journeys are being made. In every instances people have had to rise above themselves and over come emence odds. The Joads did just that by traveling to California to find work. Steinbeck shows one aspect of this real life journey by displaying it by a turtle and it’s struggle to reach the other side of a road. As the turtle is about to reach his goal, it is returned to it’s original location, but it does not waver in it’s determination, and continues across the road until it reaches the other side. The Joad family and Casy identify with this the most because the undergo tremendous heartache, yet they stay true to their plans and never give up. They are faced with death and sickness, but they never give up. Steinbeck wrote â€Å"In the evening a strange thin g happened: twenty families became one family, the children were the children of all the loss of home became one loss, and the golden time in the West was one dream† This was what the Joads were searching for they wanted to feel like they belonged. Ma was the one who was mostly searching for this. This is her journey to keep the family together. Her belief that a broken-family will not be able to accomplish anything. This is displayed by her not allowing the two cars to split and arrive at California at different times, when one of the cars breaks down, as they are leaving Oklahoma. Ma says â€Å"I ain’t a-gonna go.† The only way she’ll let the family break up is if pa whips her and makes her go. Pa’s journey is displayed by his trying to fit in and make a difference. He does not handle this move very well, and throughout their journey, he is confused, and not as headstrong as Ma. He realizes this also, he knows that he can’t help the family the way he use to. So he searches for anyway he can help. When the rain was coming it was this idea to dig a ditch. It was a good idea but it failed and it reflected on him. Tom Joad is a very complicated individual, who is a tremendous asset and at the same time a tremendous burden.

Displaced traditional penal practice

To what extent has actuarial Justice displaced traditional penal practice In contemporary societies? The displacement of traditional methods of penal practice within contemporary societies in favor of the more risk orientated model of actuarial justice has proved a contentious issue amongst academic and political discourse and still remains an arena of vigorous debate.The discussion surrounding the progressive area of actuarial Justice may be seen to provide opposing arguments of equal weight and pertinence within modern structures of national criminal Justice systems throughout the globe; however the construction and application f this theoretical model of criminal Justice may differ amongst societies and have heterogeneous effects In combination with differential cultural, economic and Ideological conditions.The concept and practice of actuarial Justice will first be considered and the way it subsequently departs from more traditional procedures of penal practice, primarily analyzi ng western society, with a particular focus upon the British model of criminal Justice. The arguments suggesting that contemporary isosceles are Indeed transposing conventional offender) towards an acknowledgment of potential risky and dangerous populations as a whole ND the consequential strategies of management will subsequently be discussed.Case representations of the way in which differential executions of the same model of actuarial Justice may vary between societies and the disparate consequences they deliver will additionally be considered to highlight the divergent viewpoints and debates encompassing actuarial Justice.Drawing upon the various outcomes actuarial Justice may be argued to impose, with specific reference to the implementation of the indeterminate sentence for public protection (IPP), the debate accentuating the harms and inequalities which are promoted within reticular models of actuarial Justice and thus the argument that on the whole many traditional methods h ave not been displaced in favor of this new risk penology shall be assessed.The concept of actuarial Justice is the process whereby future threats and risks posed by offenders to society are calculated and as such play a dominant role in contributing to prevention techniques and policing which endeavourer to respond to such perceived risk accordingly. Actuarial Justice assumes that deviance within society is habitual and will remain as normalization, viewed as directly resultant of modern society.By this standard, it adopts the position of crime prevention through risk assessment, with a focus upon larger populations deemed dangerous to society opposed to the established approach of criminal Justice which places the individual and their specific offence as preeminent. It is through the depart of individualistic to generalization which has shaped the management techniques associated with actuarial Justice. It can be argued that this model of Justice is consequently unconcerned with t he reformation of offenders, instead seeks to filter particular groups through thaws within the Justice system dependent upon their risk profile.As such it is possible to deduce that actuarial Justice is primarily concerned with the existing and future threat posed upon society by offenders, making the paramount concern crime prevention and constraining lawbreaking activity contrary to providing a suitable response and the comprehension factors contributing to individual criminality. The debate and evidence promoting the implication that actuarial Justice is indeed displacing traditional penal methods is one which is widely and comprehensively presented within both academic and political discourse.Giddiness (1994) proffers the suggestion that societies are to a greater extent preoccupied with the notion of future risk, which may be seen as a by-product of the increased threat posed within the post modern world. Giddiness and Beck (date) refer to this focus upon sustained safety and prevention of future threat the ‘risk society, in which social allegiance to the nation state is dissolved marked by a lack of reverence in traditional institutions and an ascendancy of global forces. Reflexive modernization, described as the possibility of a creative (self-)destruction for an entire epoch: that of industrial society.The ‘subject' of this creative destruction is not the revolution, not the crisis, but the victory of Western modernization' (Beck, date, pop). Concept which undercuts the formations of, for example, class, gender and occupation within the social hierarchy, imposing self-confrontation with the consequences of risk society which may no longer be managed under the practices of industrial societies ‘institutionalized standards'. The paradigm presented by risk society therefore is the split from the protection f the nation state to one of constructing individuals as responsible for their own safety and risk management.The term ‘advanc ed liberal' is deployed by Rose (1996) to further emphasis this social shift, away from the explicit power of the nation state to one which governance is achieved ‘at arm's length', promoting greater independence and need for increased individual responsibilities. This sporadic governance of society is one which is still primarily concerned with the notion of risk and the probability of its subsequent effect, exposing the aggregate populations which are identified as presenting danger society.The focus shifted to an increased managerial approach to crime, aimed at reducing the rate of potential offences and eliminating the presence of ‘carcinogenic situations' (Garland, 1996). This is argued to have marked a divergence from rehabilitative responses targeted at individual offenders, to the generalizes management to particular sections of the population (Simon and Feely, 1992). No longer viewing offenders in a manner akin traditional criminal Justice responses, understandi ng their motives and experiences consequently in need of reformation and treatment but as universal group of potential harm.

Dire Predictions: Global Warming

Geography November 29, 2010 Dire Predictions : Student Edition Chapter one of Dire Predictions Understanding Global Warming does exactly like the title says, it gives the reader the essential basics of understanding the Global Warming issue. Chapter one gives essential information covering a wide range of things including: the natural and human impacts on climate, definition of a greenhouse gas and how it affects temperature, positive and negative feedback loops, threatening human byproducts that affect the ozone, ways scientists study ancient climates, and it gives possible future Earth outcomes due to global warming.It is a really loaded chapter I know, but this information proves to be very valuable when learning about global warming. In fact, the information is so valuable that it can’t be covered by just stating a quick overview of the chapter, but needs a more detailed summary. Some natural variables that potentially affect the Earth’s climate include the sun, vol canic eruptions, and Earth’s orbit. But how exactly does something like a volcanic eruption effect climate?This is because â€Å"Explosive volcanic eruptions modify the composition of the atmosphere by injecting small particles called aerosols into the atmosphere layer. † These released aerosols block the solar radiation that would have reached Earth’s surface and consequently, it has cooling effect on Earth’s surface. The more talked about topic in chapter one however is the non-natural, or human induced impacts causing global warming. Humans burning of fossil fuels and release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) are both examples of human variables that affect global warming.CFC’s are a kind of gas that is released by cooling apparatus’ such as the refrigerator. These gasses have been proven to destroy the ozone. Furthermore, the book goes on to prove that the major impacts causing global warming are not natural but mostly human made. It states that the hole in the ozone is not mostly caused by a natural increase in CO2 gasses but the release of CFC-11 and CFC-12 gasses by humans into the environment. As proof of the gasses affect on the ozone it states that the average temperature of the globe has gone up from 13. degrees Celsius to 14. 5 degrees Celsius. It seems like a small amount of temperature increase but even one degree average increase can have a major influence on global warming. Finally, chapter one goes on to describe what happens if these patterns persist. So what will happen if these patterns persist, and what effects will it have on agriculture and man? To better understand what will happen to us, we have to understand what the ozone layer does. The ozone layer protects us from harmful ultraviolet radiation.If these patterns persist the ozone will protect less and less ultraviolet radiation from entering Earth’s atmosphere. If this happens then the ice caps will melt which will be catastrophic to man and agriculture. According to http://www. tropical-rainforest-animals. com/Global-Warming-Effects. html some effects of global warming will be: Floods Droughts, Heat waves, Extreme winter cold and snow fall, Tornadoes, Extreme storms, Tropical cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons. You don’t have to be a geography major to know that these types of effects will deal a devastating blow to people and plants.Precipitation patterns will also change everywhere, messing up normal agricultural growth. Some more effects global warming will have on agriculture and animals is it will make trees produce leaves earlier, it will cause earlier greening on vegetation, it causes re-distributions of algae that will kill animals that eat it to survive, and the ultraviolet radiation will ultimately poison humans and animals and destroy plants everywhere. If we have no ozone life will be unsustainable on Earth. But wait, all these horrible things don’t have to happen; we can do things to prevent global warming.We can start to help this not to happen by burning up less fossil fuels, thus reducing emissions into the ozone. Scientists and mechanics have recently been working together to make cars that produce less waste and are better for the environment. We can help by buying these kinds of cars and investing in this type of research. Another way to help is if we as a world unite and we set goals and laws that require fewer emissions from each country. Also, it may seem small but a way we can all help is by recycling things which cuts down the waste it takes to make whole new things.More ways you can help are by: using less air conditioning and heat, changing light bulbs to more energy efficient ones, buying energy efficient products, driving less or carpooling, using less hot water, and finally planting a tree. Although planting a tree or changing a light bulb may seem like a small way to help, if everyone in the world followed these suggestions emissions would b e greatly reduced which could save the Earth. Scientists have worked together to try to understand the problem.By constantly recording new data and looking at old data they have come to a better understanding of what we use that causes these emissions and the way it affects us and our planet. A way scientists have studied the ancient atmosphere is by drilling into the ice caps and examining the trapped air. Also scientists are constantly observing the ozone layer to see any changes that might come. Scientists also look at what kind of molecules the ozone is made of and gasses that could destroy it. Learning about the problem is half the battle so we are on our way to a brighter tomorrow.I think the information given in the book was good information based on scientific truths. The information in this book was very easy to follow as almost every page had a corresponding graph or picture to help you understand the information given. However one of the problems I had with the informatio n in this book is I felt that it was really quick to discredit the other side of the argument with not much detail. When faced with an opposing point the author just basically says that all other views are wrong and moves on.Also, the information in this book jumped to something completely different every other page. But that being said I did learn a lot from reading this book. The thing I found most interesting in the book were some of the statistics given throughout the chapter. For example thought how long the gasses CFC-11 and CFC-12 last and how much more potent it is that carbon dioxide. Even after five hundred years after CFC-12 is released, it is still 5,200 times more potent than carbon dioxide. And five hundred years after CFC-11 is released, it is 1,620 times more potent that the carbon dioxide (Dire Predictions, p. 9). With CFC gasses and other harmful gasses lasting this long it is important to stop the release of these harmful gasses as soon as we can. Another thing I found interesting in the book was the change in Mount Kilimanjaro snow coverage over time. First, it shows Mount Kilimanjaro during the year 1912 and it is covered in snow. That picture is followed by a picture of Mount Kilimanjaro during the year 2007, and the snow cover has almost all disappeared. Another statistic I found very interesting in chapter one is the graphs on page thirty-three.These graphs show the amount of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere before and up to 2005. The graphs show that the levels of these greenhouse gasses are pretty constant until it reaches the year 2005; When the graph line representing the gasses reaches to just before the year 2005, levels of all three of these gasses skyrocket. (Dire Predictions, pg. 33) Reading this book made me realize how serious the global warming issue is and how it is already affecting the world today. Due to global warming life as we know it could possibly come to an end.But don’t start put ting your bucket list together just yet. If we start doing things everyday to help reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses we can make sure that tomorrow is a brighter day, figuratively that is. The things stated earlier (using less air conditioning and heat, changing light bulbs to more energy efficient ones, buying energy efficient products, driving less or carpooling, using less hot water, planting trees) are all examples of everyday things we can do to help the environment and stop global warming.Another thing that people can do to help this problem is by educating themselves about global warming. By educating yourself about global warming you can solve the problem easier because you know the causes. Also you can educate other people about the importance of taking global warming into consideration. If everyone around the world pitches in to try to help, maybe the next book we read will be Optimistic Predictions.Works Cited Banerjee, Subhankar. â€Å"Global Warming. † New York Times. 6 Oct. 2010. Mann, Michael E. , and Lee R. Kump. Dire Predictions: Understanding Global Warming. New York, NY: DK Pub. , 2009. Print. May, Elizabeth, and Zoe? Caron. Global warming for dummies . Mississauga, ON: J. Wiley & Sons Canada, 2009. Print. Nodvin, Stephen C. â€Å"Global Warming. † encyclopedia of earth. 9 May. 2010. 29 Nov. 2010. . Yeatman, William. â€Å"Global Warming: Solutions/Cost/Science GlobalWarming. org  |  Archive  |  Global Warming 101 . † Global Warming . N. p. , 9 Feb. 2009. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. .