Cinematography in Lawrence of Arabia Essay

Said to be one of the greatest films of all time, Lawrence of Arabia, a 222-minute movie directed by David Lean released in1962, achieved numerous accolades from popular award-giving bodies, among them the award for Best Cinematography. Through its cinematography, the desert was transformed into a character and major motivator of the film’s narrative, which was achieved through numerous ways. In the initial portions of the film, the desert was featured as calm, quiet, vast, mysterious and beautiful, which was why Lawrence expressed much excitement towards his assignment as an English army soldier. The extraordinary shots of the desert sunrise, and the extreme long shots of Lawrence (and his army) with the desert as its backdrop were breathtaking as they seemed like still photos from postcards. Pan shots from left to right denoted their journey, which were all skillfully captured on film. As the movie further unfolds, however, the desert assumes a different character as it shows its less appealing side – how it can be harsh, ruthless and merciless, without giving much preference to who or what it desires to take. This is shown during the times when Lawrence and the soldiers are having difficulties crossing the desert without water supply, and when one of Lawrence’s helpers is taken under a quicksand. Despite the bleakness of the circumstances, the sequences were still deftly shot and presented to the viewer. And then again, it changes further later on when it becomes the venue for bloodshed, as Lawrence stages wars and succeeds in conquering more territories. In some way, the desert seems like the love interest of the main character in the film because quite noticeably, there are no female characters in the film’s entirety. It was also expressed by Lawrence himself that he liked the desert because it was clean. Somehow, it seemed like Lawrence saw the desert as directly contrasting his character because although his actions may have been glorified by the Arabs, Lawrence knew that he was just a pawn in the power play of those who were in authority. The desert provided Lawrence a way to be a hero for others, which is the rationale for his decisions to go into battle.

The Dowry System

My beloved girl, I love you†¦ I care you†¦ I want you†¦ I am constructing these high walls so that you will be secured†¦ You stay in this kitchen that no one else would stare at my beloved†¦ I will look after you well because your father has paid me well and full†¦ You are my great treasure. So I am locking you up in these heavy chains that no one will take away you†¦ Don’t move. I will protect you†¦ Because, You are my beloved wife†¦ FOR SALE India is a great land that has its rich heritage from the Vedic culture.From the very beginning of civilizations itself women had a great prominence in the society. She was worshipped as a deity, she was given respect and even the nature or the ‘prakrithi ’ was considered to be a woman. The later period witnessed a gradual transition and a gender discrimination occurred leading to the marginalization of women. We see in the epic, Ramayana saying that woman has to be protected by h er father in her adolescent period, husband in the youth and by her son in her old age. The woman does not deserve freedom any time.There were customs that ‘bought’ beautiful young bride to the family after ‘paying’ a good amount to bride’s parents. Even in this cyber century we see this being followed deliberately in the educated society and the greatest, disgusting evil that comes out of this marginalization is the â€Å"dowry system† or as it is presently called ‘The gift system’ . An embryo formed with two X chromosome is hunted from the very stage when it is called ‘she’ or ‘girl’. And then it is what Simon de Bouveire said, â€Å"A WOMAN IS NOT BORN. SHE IS MADE†. A girl child born to a family often hears,’ look, you are a girl’.This is how the stereotyping occurs. She is taught certain ‘norms’ that society constructed, forced to do certain assigned duties and is br ought up to be a good wife and good mother. She is expected to be caring, loving, passionate, sacrificing, and hardworking and express the so called ‘feminine qualities’. She is then sold and bought to another family†¦ Marriage is the happy blending of two individuals with the vows made to love and take care of each other. It is the harmony between two families too. Earlier woman was made to sit at home and look after her husband and children.Dowries were given as an asset or help to the family in case some tragedy occur to her husband. It was a help. In the later stages it began to be a ‘demand’. Now it is the matter of ‘pride’. When the dowry prohibition acts imposed tried to halt these it was the birth of the â€Å"GIFT SYSTEM†. Marriage is considered to have occurred in the heavens. It is wished to be happy. But sometimes it becomes a lifelong chain to woman. From time the girl child is born, her parents often think about her ma rriage. The price to be offered and the jewels to be bought are calculated equally among the rich and the poor.The poor and the middle class suffer mostly due to this system. The Dalit woman has to undergo double marginalization, the caste and the gender. The parent has to work hard to find ways that can ‘marry of’ the girl and the families often get into heavy debt once the ceremonies get over. The stage were dowry became a demand was the most ‘tragic period’ were girls married were slaughtered by their merciless â€Å"destiny†. Even after the marriage money is demanded again and again by the husband and the in laws. They are threatened that the girl would be send back to home at the failure of the demands.After the ceaseless suffering the bride finally is killed or commits suicide. This was called ‘Bride burning’. This was often ignored by the society calling it a suicide. It is in this background that the Dowry prohibition act came in to existence to ensure the equality and rights promised by the Indian constitution. When the law imposed limitations this was modified and known as The Gift System. Luxury car, Gold showered and the pocket money are ‘gifted’ to their daughter and her husband. There is a clear cut violation of the law with the permission of the ‘accused and the victims’.It is now matter of the Pride of the family. This shows how deeply this is rooted in each Indian. The wedding ceremonies take an amount more than a development scheme of a slum takes. Can a change be brought to this system? Earlier we could say that this was due to ignorance. But now how could educated women in a well developed society be a part of this? Feminism movements could not make a change to this evil. It’s each of us that encourage these. It’s ironic that woman who are on the boy’s side are more vicious to the bride. It should be understood that it’s not part of pride but Vanity.Each has their own role to do in this matter. The bride and her parents should pay respect to themselves and keep their dignity. She is not a commodity FOR SALE. Boys should be bold enough to say that they are stubborn to look after the family without the dowry. It should be the girl that they should marry. The ones who go for dowry should be ashamed to put a price tag on their wife. The girl should have the freedom to come to her home at any circumstance and get divorce at the worst. Pay respect to each other and keep up individuality. Make relations healthy and happy. Let them no more be in tears.

Free will Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Free will - Essay Example determinism. Though both the sides bring evidence in support of their claims, yet the discussions endorse the very point that most of human actions, as well as man’s fate, are dependent of determinism though humans have been granted some powers to get involved into the activities of their choice to some extent in the wake of their whims and wishes. Hence, the topic under investigation observes great philosophic significance in its nature and scope. The Paper: Renowned theologian Jonathan Edwards (1754) has provided a detailed account of the concept of free will in his works, where he views the free will to be the desires prevailing in the human breast, and produce pleasure for man. Since it is mind that maintains the powers to direct the physical organs for the performance of an act or abstinence from the same, the mind issues commands whether some specific act in the wake of the desire should be performed or refrained from executing the same. Hence, there always appears some motive that results into the accomplishment of various tasks because of the desires that affect human mind. Nevertheless, man cannot perform every act out of his free will due to the prior knowledge of the Lord regarding all the things and incidents that would take place in man’s life. ... knowledge God maintains in respect of the future developments by alluding to the Scripture, where the predictions about the future developments have been made by God, which do not actually come under the definition of the uncertain guesses (393). In addition to this, since God is also already aware of the whims prevailing in the minds and hearts of the coming human generations, He has determined the actions the individuals belonging to these generations would perform and execute during their life span at large, which could be the products of the volitions of their moral (and immoral) agents (393). Hence, the actions and volitions appear to be the predetermined phenomena over which humans could have little or no power, according to Edwards’ doctrine (394). Hence, the foreknowledge of God about all events and actions that are actually the product of volitions provides an indirect pardon to the human actions due to the very reality that these steps had already been determined, ag ainst which humans could not be held responsible for. Another very important argument made by Edwards in support of his claim regarding the determinism includes the evident existence of the human actions that would occur in future years to come, to which he called the nature of Necessity (394). Furthermore, a thing existence of which is necessary in the universe, why it could be endorsed that the thing itself is not necessary. Hence, the action and event that has been preserved as the Foreknowledge in the possession of Nature would certainly occur one day in exactly the same manner as it has been preserved as the part of the Foreknowledge of the Providence. In other words, the argument indirectly refutes the possibility of free will due to the existence of actions and events as an essential

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that before going to understand the contribution and role of Wal-Mart towards the CSR, it is utterly significant to clearly define and understand the entire concept of CSR. This understanding would clearly help critically evaluate the role and commitment of Wal-Mart and other corporations towards the CSR.This paper outlines that  undoubtedly, this broader definition with a wider range of stakeholders may have distinct preferences for the socially responsibly activities they would prefer to see a corporation invest in. In addition, these preferences do not remain the same; they vary as the currency of social and environmental issues evolves over period of time. More clearly, CSR involves extending corporate accountability to other stakeholders, who are either directly or indirectly affected by the corporate activities of corporations. Under the framework of CSR, corporations are required to publish their corporate activities that put either negative or positive effects on the other stakeholders. Normally, corporations add an additional portion to their annual reports. The additional portion defines and explains the aggregate bearing of a corporation towards the CSR. Employees, customers, suppliers, social and environmental groups, communities, governments, current and potential creditors, suppliers, and those other groups whose interests are directly or indirectly affected by corporate activities of corporations, are defined as the stakeholders.... In order to justify with the requirements of this paper, first, a corporation, Wal-Mart, and its CSR role has been included in this paper. Afterwards, the contribution of CSR towards corporate strategy is highlighted. Subsequent to that, the importance of CSR is discussed; and a critical evaluation of CSR comes before the part of conclusion. Wal-Mart and CSR Before going to understand the contribution and role of Wal-Mart towards the CSR, it is utterly significant to clearly define and understand the entire concept of CSR. This understanding would clearly help critically evaluate the role and commitment of Wal-Mart and other corporations towards the CSR. Corporate Social Responsibility has a wide variety of definitions (Margolis & Walsh, 2003). However, one particular definition has been given to understand the term: corporate social responsibility defines to be as voluntary actions of corporations, these actions are designed to improve social or environmental conditions (Davis, 1973 ; Wood, 1991; Wood & Jones, 1995; Waddock, 2004). Additionally, corporate social responsibility is also called as corporate social performance, sustainable responsible business (SRB), responsible business, corporate responsibility or corporate citizenship (Wood, 1991). Undoubtedly, this broader definition with a wider range of stakeholders may have distinct preferences for the socially responsibly activities they would prefer to see a corporation invest in. In addition, these preferences do not remain the same; they vary as the currency of social and environmental issues evolves over period of time (Clarkson, 1995; Davis, 1973; Moskowitz, 1975; Wartick &Cochran, 1985; Wood, 1991a). More

Compare and Contrast the film Almos' a Man to the story A Man Who Was Essay

Compare and Contrast the film Almos' a Man to the story A Man Who Was Almost a Man by Richard Wright - Essay Example The setting of the film and story is a vital aspect to consider when going through the various aspects they bring forth. In both of the works, the setting or rather the conditions that the two live are very deplorable and are why they go through the suffering that they do. The setting in the story depicts poor conditions people were subjected too and the same is seen in the film, where Dave had to work and struggles to have an identity as he was treated like a child. In earlier days, people did not have any compassion and treated people that they thought were of ancient decent poorly (Brignano). Dave in the film and in the story by Richard Wright seems to have a common decent provided they were white. The only issue that made them different is the fact that they did not live in as appropriate conditions as their employers. Character is another important factor to incorporate in the analysis aiming at understanding the concept that the film and story bear. In the story and in the film, Dave has an attitude problem. This is depicted in both the film and story where Dave thinks that owning a gun will get him respect from people. In the film and story, Dave struggles with finding his purpose in the world and this can be explained further by the social differences that existed in society where whites were deemed superior and he felt that he had to have a purpose in the world. Symbolism in the story is that of poverty. Both the story and the film depict how Dave and others like him used to work for rich families in the fields so that they could have a place to live and support themselves. That was the time that slavery was at its peak. Many of the people that used to work at that time were very poor and did not have a place to live. This led to them getting work from the rich so that they could get enough money to go by. These rich families were very influential and rude to workers and thus the reason many of

IT Development And Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IT Development And Strategy - Essay Example Describe ways of managing the transition in the support, turnaround, factory, and strategic quadrants? Transitions in the role of IT are crucial to enabling organizations to evolve in their reliance on IT for sustainable business processes. Various factors that are derived from within the environment or outside promote the assimilation of IT with business processes for greater efficiency, etc, thereby prompting the transformation in the role from support to turnaround to the factory and to strategic quadrant. Usually, these triggers are received from the environment and the changing trends in time, which also explains why several firms solely relying on IT for support services began incorporating IT to provide other services to their global consumers. A shift to the turnaround quadrant is often characterized by a need to identify IT as an opportunity in order to usefully utilize insightful data analytics to change strategies thereby gaining an advantage. Organizations that base heavi ly on their factory processes also find IT integration quite helpful in helping them optimize their uptimes. By doing so, they try to circumvent serious downtimes, of which even the slightest, costs a huge amount to any particular organizations (Applegate, Austin, Soule 2009, p. 427). That is why organizations use IT systems in order to prevent significant downtimes to keep their factory operations running smoothly and efficiently. This demonstrates a shift from turnaround to factory quadrant.

Analysis of White-Collared criminals with Power Theory Essay

Analysis of White-Collared criminals with Power Theory - Essay Example Chase Manhattan is now part of New York-based JPMorgan Chase & Co., the third-biggest U.S. bank by assets. Crime: Bennett is charged with defrauding investors of Refco Inc., a financial trading company to a tune of around 550 million Dollars by concealing the information that an "INVESTOR" is due to the company. In this case, the unnamed investor is Bennett himself. Bennett takes the company's money on roller coaster with junctions being Liberty CCS, RGH, Refco, and the money finally lands at RGH, which is owned by Bennett. When this roller coaster ride of money is bought into light in October 2005 which consequently leads to his arrest and plunge of 45% of the company's share value resulting in a $1bn loss in market value, he then surrendered around 450 million dollars and thus enabling himself of pleading not guilty to the court. A perfect case of White-Collared crime. Gelegenheit macht Diebe - Opportunity creates Thieves - indicating that it is opportunity that causes us to misbehave, not any particular sort of depravity. And opportunity is, of course, nothing but another word for the seemingly critical volume of power. Even a confirmed thief will not steal if he has no chance of getting away with it. On the other hand, even an honest man will misbehave if he has the opportunity, the power to do so. 2) For no one co

Measured Building Areas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Measured Building Areas - Essay Example Demolish and remove existing buildings Refer also to Internal Demolition & Preparation Site clearance and demolition Site levelling, aligning, excavation and fill Excavation and Fill Termite treatment, barriers, etc. Allowance for fill, backfill, crushed rock, etc. Rock and poor site ground condition etc. Retention and protection to adjacent properties Excavation for rock Blinding concrete & excavation – allowance BUILDING WORKS Allowances plus Provisional Sums Concrete Work Insitu slabs, footings, walls etc. Concrete slab, piles & footings, reinforcement works, sand bed works & membrane Strip footings Pad footings, allowance for posts, columns, etc. Precast concrete works Minor personnels works, framings, fixures, ties, supports, linkins and propping. Samples & testing; hobs; access, temporary work; curing; work for services, other trades; shop drawings; inspections, etc Brickwork, Blockwork And Other Solid Walls Work in existing areas Masonry work in wall infillingg patching , making good; scaffold, etc Subfloor masonry & retaining walls Subfloor single skin walls with piers Subfloor cavity walls Brickworks 110mm brickwork skin of : External masonry veneer, wall cavity, solid or other commons Internal wallworks, commons Brickwork for fireplace & smoke/chimney - not needed Additional for facebrickwork - not needed Joints, links, scaffold, cleanings, etc - accomodated in above.

Traditional Approaches to Industrial Relations Research Proposal

Traditional Approaches to Industrial Relations - Research Proposal Example If the modern human resource is more equipped, then the fact that today's employees have not remained like their predecessors in following up the traditional managerial authority can also not ignored. Employees are more educated along with the qualities of more likely to question than to accept managerial authority, more focused on their own career development than on the organization's interests, more mobile and are less loyal to their workplaces. Many managers see these characteristics in a negative light and advance them as yet more reasons why performance planning and review won't work. In fact, these characteristics of employees make today's employees 'knowledge' workers and today's human resource 'knowledge management'. The jobs of these 'new' employees present new challenges for managers but, handled effectively, these challenges are a key to better individual and organizational performance. For example, knowledge-based jobs might involve high levels of non-repetitive work, with frequent changes in demand and direction making the prediction and planning much more difficult and uncertain. Other features of knowledge work also have an impact on the management of performance. (Rudman, 2003, p. 17) Amon Among most researchers working in the context of Human Resource paradigm, it is the explanations that matter any link to firm performance is secondary. It is assumed that societies, governments or regions can have HRM practices and policies as well as firms. At the level of the organization, the organization's objectives and the strategy adopted are not necessarily assumed to be 'good' either for the organization or for society. (Millward, 2000, p. 5)

Struth, Thomas (German), The Smith Family, Fife, Scotland, 1989 Research Paper

Struth, Thomas (German), The Smith Family, Fife, Scotland, 1989 - Research Paper Example Today, Struth is recognized as among the very first photographers who heralded contemporary German photography. Struth has had many of his works exhibited in Museums and other exhibition centers around the world. The most recent project which has further boosted his profile is his portrait of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip, the portrait was part of a collection taken to commemorate the Queen’s 2012 Diamond Jubilee. At the beginning of his photography career, Struth became popular for his â€Å"Unconscious Places† photographs; these represented cityscapes completely devoid of life. Part of this collection was on display until November at the Venice Architecture Biennale. Recently, Struth had an interview with O’ Haghan a reporter with the Guardian newspaper. In this interview, Struth described his preference of photography to painting and also explained the inspiration behind his first photographs which represented skyscrapers. In the interview he explained that he made huge â€Å"super-realist photographic paintings†, these never greatly appealed to him and felt they were somehow stupid. This displeasure informed his preference for photography, his tutors and mentors at the time, Richter and Bernd Becher also preferred his photography. Struth’s initial photographs were of his own city, he took photographs of Dusseldorf’s streets and buildings. He explained that his emphasis on building arose from an inquiry on how history would find its place in our current lives, further; he wondered how architecture represents humanity. In answering these questions he found his style and methodology. Just like every artist, Struth’s photographs depict an individual who is largely reactive to the environment around him. This also includes the people he meets and interacts with. He is one who draws great inspiration from life and structures around him. In his own words, the subject of his photographs arises from a need to talk about

Game and Football Team Bonds Essay Example for Free

Game and Football Team Bonds Essay It’s the most fun, most competitive, team-oriented sport in the earth. We do anything to win a game. Ladies love us guys want to be us. Everybody loves the game, people are always playing it, and it is the soul of the universe. When you put on the pads, lace up the spikes, and buckle your helmet you walk onto the field with a swagger and nothing else matters. You will forget if you failed a test, fought with a friend, or lost some money. Football is the sport I love the most because of three things. The bond on a football team is like no other sport. Another reason is the hardwood and dedication you put in. Lastly why I play football is to win it all The way a football team bonds with each other over the summer and overnight camps is unbelievable. We don’t all hang out with each other on the weekends, but on Saturdays we are a family. If your team wants to be successful you have to trust that the 10 other players on the field will do their job each and every play. Unlike in most sports you need more than one great player on a team, in fact I’d rather have a team with a bunch of good players. Than have a team with just one or two amazing players. Why do we run back and forth day after day? Hitting and running so hard we ache everywhere. Pushing it so hard we listen to our hearts beat rings in our head, while our lungs desperately gasp for air. Early mornings, late nights, Saturdays and Sundays, an endless amount of pain, deep bruises, broken bones, and torn muscles and ligaments. We hustle thru it all, because we live off our adrenaline, because the game frees your soul, because the party after the big win is spectacular, because you are invincible once you step onto the field. A big play could make you smile all day long and the next day as you joke about it with friends. The rattling of the crowd, the feel of the ball, the image of the spikes in the dirt, it’s a glory to live by. Because it is possible to hustle hard enough you can leave your worries behind. Sweat is the cologne of our accomplishments, Why should anyone push themselves so hard? It’s not for the money, it’s not for the girls, it’s not for bragging rights, and it’s not for the fame. We do it because we love it. And we love the feel of victory. There’s nothing better than after of working your butt of for 3 hours than walking off the field held high. The satisfaction knowing all those sprints and hills you do during the weak all paid off. The feeling that you can’t explain when you beat your cross town rivals knowing you just earned bragging rights for the year. The feeling that you were champions is the one feeling that I am missing I we were won win away from feeling that. But I am going to work hard, so next year I will finally feel what it’s like to be a champion. Why I love the game of football because not everyone can play it. You might be able to play two hand touch with your friends, but can you take the beating? That’s the question. Fans’ cheering you on as the fourth quarter is coming to an end in a close game. The greatest game to be played if football, everyone wants to be like us, but fail when they try.

Telling the Truth About History Essay Example for Free

Telling the Truth About History Essay The struggle to find truth in telling the stories of history has been a source of constant debate amongst historians and intellectuals. With the emergence of religious rejection during the seventeenth and eighteenth century Enlightenment, the influence and undoubted supremacy of the heroic model of science provided historians with new ways for obtaining truth—absolute truths—through the dispassionate eyes of a â€Å"heroic† observer. Although this remains unchallenged for many generations, with the cultural changes and the democratization of education, the idea of an absolute truth—a universal story of national progress which neglects to encompass the diversity of America—is challenged by post-modernity. In all its pessimisms towards absolute truths and objective knowledge, post-modernism illustrates the importance of and sets the foundation for questioning historical accuracy and the idea of objectivity. Can there be truth when the words and language of the â€Å"objective† observer is unintentionally dripping in their own personal, social, and political agendas? Through the works of Foucault and Deerdas, who get at the heart of this very question, historians are encouraged to reject the Enlightenment project, and look deeper into historical evidence to interrogate the structure and organization of the text, its vocabulary, and hidden assumptions. Although, post-modernity—a critique of the Enlightenment ideals—creates the framework for the questioning of historical accuracy, it is very important to recognize its inability to formulate its own solutions to this historical dilemma. Fortunately, with the succeeding ideas of practical realists, there is a sense of hope and optimism for the future of history and the all-encompassing truths that it can uphold. How did post-modernity challenge the heroic model of science and enlightenment ideals? With the digression away from enlightenment ideals of objectivity, absolute truth, and progress, post-modernists set the tone for a new way of thinking—similar to the way Enlightenment philosophers challenged the absolutisms of the church. With the new social historians, the American story is challenged by the competing ethnic cultures that didn’t fit into the white-protestant American story, and penetrate below the surface to where the stories of women, slaves, and immigrants had been veiled for so long. The idealized American story – a fallacious story of unity and equality—had represented the founding fathers political, social, and religious agendas towards progress and modernity which produced justifications like â€Å"manifest destiny†. With this new idea of the influence of personal experiences and agendas, even Newton and Darwin are put on the stand, to find that even these so called â€Å"dispassionate† and completely â€Å"objective† observers had political, social, and religious agendas that greatly influenced their work. This opens the door for the post-modernists attack against the possibility of objective historical or scientific knowledge, reality, and in essence, truth. They deny our ability to represent objective knowledge in any true fashion because of the language barrier which serves, in a sense, as a funnel that reflects every personal, political, social, and religious agenda or experience. Post-modernists, like Foucalt and Deerdas, â€Å"made western man into a modern day Gulliver, tied down with ideological ropes and incapable of transcendence because he can never get beyond the veil of language to the reality ‘out there’†. (p. 208) With the conflict between the signifier and the signified, as expressed by Saussure, reality or truth can never be reached because in the process of representing an actual object- or the signified – there is a risk of distorting and obfuscating it (p. 214). Objects allow us to create stories—narratives— not necessarily accurate—about the object and its existence. These narratives are inescapable personal and rely upon the experiences and agendas of the individual creating it. Therefore, language is not a direct correspondence to reality. It represents differences, personal agendas, experiences, beliefs, and power relations and knowing this, according to post-modernists, eliminates the possibility of any kind of reality or truth for both science and history. The post-modern cynicism towards reality, truth and objective knowledge created a new way for writing history. The rejection of the old absolutisms created an opportunity for questioning and discourse of previously accepted historical knowledge. It created a space for the stories of marginalized groups who had until this time, been veiled by the universal, romanticized American story of progress toward modernity. A story of success and opportunity on the frontier was substituted by a story of struggle—of women’s rights, of slaves, and of the killings of Native Americans. Within the Enlightenment objectives for history there are limitations to the possibility of anything else but progress. When progress and modernity are the only ideals being stressed, there is little room to create a history beyond this. These ideals consumed the thoughts, beliefs, politics and social structures of man, and it was reflected in their work. History until this time was being tied down and restricted to the old absolutisms, to one universal story which supposedly encompassed all of nature. However, with social history and the door it opened for post-modernity, history could take on the task of telling a more encompassing story that could be discussed, criticized, and built upon. Although, post-modernists believe that there is no truth and that the possibility of reality is non-existent, they set the foundation for future historians to question the history books which they are learning from, to look deeper into the hidden agendas that are sometimes veiled, and to then write a history that, although cannot be completely objective and dispassionate, can embody some sort of truth and historicism for that time. This idea of taking a middle ground between the traditionalist philosophers of the Enlightenment and the pessimistic post-modernists is the main goal the authors of this book try to make. They recognize the need for questioning and interrogation but not to the extent that we end up a nihilistic view that there is no truth and nothing matters. The gap between past events, like records, and the way historians describe and interpret them is accepted by practical realists. This allows for the possibility of obtaining truth and a method for writing history. Some words, they explain, however socially constructed, reach out to the world and give a reasonably true description of its contents because of a relationship between the object and the observer (p. 250). With the practical realists emphasis on archival research, the use of our memories and curiosity, and discourse upon discourse the writing of history is now possible. However, without the post-modernists cynicism and interrogation of the Enlightenment project history may still be a discipline of absolutisms and â€Å"heroisms†.

Privacy Supportive Geo-Location Search Software

Privacy Supportive Geo-Location Search Software Devika BV 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to present a detailed description of the Locating Service Similarity with Privacy using queries. It will explain the purpose and features of the system, the interfaces of the system, what the system will do, the constraints under which it must operate and how the system will react to external stimuli. 1.2 Document Conventions 1.3 Product Scope This web application is chosen for an academic study and implementation. Location-based applications utilize the positioning capabilities of a mobile device to determine the current location of a user, and customize query results to include neighboring points of interests. However, location knowledge is often perceived as personal information. One of the immediate issues hindering the wide acceptance of location-based applications is the lack of appropriate methodologies that offer fine grain privacy controls to a user without vastly affecting the usability of the service. In specific, the following are the contributions towards this project. A novel architecture for LBS applications that is directed towards revealing privacy/utility trade-offs to a user before an actual geo-tagged query is made. A proof-of-concept design for a privacy-supportive local search location based search. 1.4 References Exploiting Service Similarity for Privacy in Location Based Search Queries Qin Liu, Guojun Rinku Dewri, Member, IEEE, and Ramakrisha Thurimella IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS VOL:25 NO:2 YEAR 2014 â€Å"Supporting Anonymous Location Queries in Mobile Environments with Privacy Grid,†in Proceedings of the 17th International World Wide Web Conference,2008, pp. 237–246. B. Bamba, L. Liu, P. Pesti, and T. Wang 2. Overall Description This section will give an overview of the whole system. The system will be explained in its context to show how the system interacts with other systems and introduce the basic functionality of it. It will also describe what type of stakeholders that will use the system and what functionality is available for each type. At last, the constraints and assumptions for the system will be presented. 2.1 Product Perspective To begin with, this is a very dynamic concept. Usability has a twofold meaning a) privacy controls should be intuitive yet flexible, and b) the intended purpose of an application is reasonably maintained It is worth mentioning that a separate line of research in analyzing anonymous location traces has revealed that user locations are heavily correlated, and knowing a few frequently visited locations can easily identify the user behind a certain trace. The privacy breach in these cases occurs because the location to identity mapping results in a violation of user anonymity. The system attempts to prevent the reverse mapping—from user identity to user location—albeit in a user-controllable manner. 2.2 Product Functions Mobile search is an evolving branch of information retrieval services that is centered on the convergence of mobile platforms and mobile phones, or that it can be used to tell information about something and other mobile devices. Web search engine ability in a mobile form allows users to find mobile content on websites which are available to mobile devices on mobile networks. The first module is to build a mobile search engine with ranking based approach to retrieve results with respect to the localized position of the user. Geo-tagging is a function, where devices can insert metadata with geographical information (coordinates) into a file such as photo, associating it with the geographic location it was taken at. In response to this first query phase, the user obtains a service-similarity profile. This profile is a representation of the similarities in the query output at different geographic locations. The exact form taken by this profile, as well as the data structures employed in computing this profile, may vary from application to application. A location movement engine on the user side then determines a noisy location to use based on the user’s privacy profile and the retrieved service-similarity profile. What is private and what is not private should be actually defined before the query has been raised, this helps the result set not to include those details that are private to the user and thus it would not be shared by the application. The service-contour inferencing is not just a collection of positions, but includes additional information about the businesses located at those positions such as names, addresses, categories, subcategories. Additionally, some specific values such as feedback score, the entire profile of the entity with personal information, so on and forth. The following could be the modules for this project: Login/Register module Search results by ranking module Similarity profiler service module Service-contour inferencing module 2.3 User Classes and Characteristics The user is expected to be Internet literate and be able to register/login and know how to search for information from the system. The user is expected to know how to provide information. The interface, however, provides easy access to all these, nonetheless, the user needs to know the basics to operate and get the best results. The user is expected to be Windows literate and to be able to use button, pull-down menus, and similar tools. There are two types of users who can interact with the system: 1. The registered users who will get access to information of the businesses for a specific location; 2. The business owners who may receive personal information regarding the user at a specific location. 2.4 Operating Environment The following Hardware configuration is expected to smoothly execute the project. Processor Pentium V or above Speed 2.1 GHz or above RAM 1 GB RAM Hard Disk 60 GB Key Board Standard Windows Keyboard Mouse Two or Three Button Mouse Monitor SVGA The following Software configuration is expected to smoothly execute the project. Operating System : Window 7 or above Language : C# (.NET Language) Front End : Visual Studio 2010 Database : SQL Server/Express Web Server :Internet Information Server (IIS 6.0) 2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints Since the application searches data from the database server, it is crucial that there is a good bandwidth/good system resource for the application to function. Data-base search can be laborious when we have larger-data to be executed. 2.6 Assumptions and Dependencies One assumption about the emulator product is that it will be always be used with internet connection, since it has to collect information about a random user moving from the API’s. It is also assumed that the internet connection is stable during these transactions. If not high, a moderate speed is required to operate with the system. Another assumption is that since the API’s are third-party services, this could go down or may not work as expected at times. However, it is assumed that the down-time may not be longer enough to disrupt the working of our emulators. 2.7 System Environment 3. External Interface Requirements This section provides a detailed description of all inputs into and outputs from the system. It also gives a description of the hardware, software and communication interfaces and provides basic prototypes of the user interface. 3.1 User Interfaces A first-time user of the mobile application should see the log-in page when user opens the application. If the user has not registered, they should be able to do that on the log-in page. Refer to Fig. 2. If the user is not a first-time user, they should be able to see the latitude and longitude information where the user is current located, see Figure 3. On selecting the user destination, the random movement is simulated and reported by the system. Fig. 2. Login Screen Fig. 3. Current Location Fig. 4. Random User Movement 3.2 Hardware Interfaces No external hardware devices are expected to be used in this project. A system with Windows Operating System running on it should be fine to run the web application. 3.3 Software Interfaces Windows Operating System (OS) XP or 7.0, SQL Server/Express will be used for the database storage. Multiple API’s and JavaScript’s would be used in this project. There may be some usage of the web services (as applicable). 3.4 Communications Interfaces The communication between the different parts of the system is important since they depend on each other. However, in what way the communication is achieved is not important for the system and is therefore handled by the underlying operating systems and the database for both the cloud and the web application. 4. System Features 4.1 Login/Registration Module The user should be able to register or login (if already a member) from the mobile emulator. The login/register module helps the user to locate his geo location and will be able to view the businesses/services surrounding the user. The system will also ensure that the privacy details of the user are shared only what is made â€Å"Public† or â€Å"Private† by the user. Modifications to this sensitive information are provided to the user by the system. 4.2 Search results by ranking module In general, a local search application provides information on local businesses, events, and/or friends, weighted by the location of the query issuer. Location and service accuracy trade-offs are clearly present in a local search LBS. A privacy-supportive variant is therefore well-suited for this application class. Local search results tend to cycle through periods of plateaus and minor changes as one moves away from a specified location. The plateaus provide avenues for relaxation in the location accuracy without affecting service accuracy, while the minor changes allow one to assess accuracy in a continuous manner. Given a search term (e.g. generic ones such as â€Å"cafes†, and targeted ones such as â€Å"starbucks coffee†) and a highly generalized user location (e.g. the metropolitan city), the privacy-supportive LBS generates a concise representation of the variation in the 10-nearest neighbor result set as a hypothetical user moves across the large metropolitan area. Once the representation is communicated to the user, he/she can infer the geographic variability that can be introduced in her location coordinates to retrieve all or a subset of the result set. 4.3 Similarity profiler service module This profile is a representation of the similarities in the query output at different geographic locations. The exact form taken by this profile, as well as the data structures employed in computing this profile, may vary from application to application. A location perturbation engine on the user side then determines a noisy location to use based on the user’s privacy profile and the retrieved service-similarity profile. The LBS processes the query with respect to the noisy location. 4.4 Service-contour inferencing module The result set from the query is not simply a collection of positions, but includes additional attributes about the businesses located at those positions. This could range from names, addresses, categories, subcategories, to specifics such as value, feedback scores, and entire profiles of individuals with personal information. The ranking function is often a well-guarded business secret on how these attributes are combined. Another approach is to send a set of similarity matrices to the user, one each corresponding to a specific co-ordinate in the grid. The approach requires the computation and transfer of an inordinate amount of information. 5. Other Nonfunctional Requirements 5.1 Performance Requirements The requirements in this section provide a detailed specification of the user interaction with the web application software and measurements placed on the system performance. The system on which this client application runs should have installed .NET framework 2. The following software(s) must be installed for smooth implementation of the project. Visual Studio 2012 IIS Web Server/Service SQL Server database Browser application such as Internet Explorer / Mozilla / Google Chrome Windows Mobile Emulator Windows operating system with wired or wireless internet connection 5.2 Safety Requirements All care should be taken to ensure that at any point there is no compromise on the safety requirement during the process of building/executing this project. At this time, there is none that needs serious consideration. 5.3 Security Requirements Database should be password-protected. The system should allow access to users only with a login credentials.

The Neurobiology of Memory and Aging Essay -- Science Scientific Essay

The Neurobiology of Memory and Aging "I lost my keys again," my mother exclaimed at dinner a few nights ago, "I really am getting old." This use of old age as a justification for memory deficits is extremely common. Many people relate old age with loss of memory and other neurobiological functions. Why is it that aging seems to go hand in hand with losing and forgetting things? Is there a neurobiological explanation for this phenomenon? It is clear to neurobiologists that aging results in a decrease in brain size as well as a decrease in the efficiency of brain functions. It has been a widely held belief that aging causes neurons to die and for the overall number of neurons to decrease as one reaches old age. Studies conducted by Dr. David Merrill refute this idea, sighting a lack of neuronal loss in the entohinal cortex after running an MRI on a healthy subject. Instead, Merill indicates that loss of neurons may occur in degenerative disorders, such as Alzheimers, but not in healthy brains. However, it remains true that some aspects of cognition do decline as age increases, such as short term and long term memory. Since these effects are not caused by a decrease in the number of neurons present, there must be another neurobiological explanation. In order to understand memory loss it is necessary to understand how memory works in a normal brain without any cognitive deficits. Memory can be separated into three distinct parts: working memory, declarative memory, and procedural memory (1). Working memory is the most short term, and it involves repeating something that someone has just said in conversation or remembering something you had just seen briefly. This part of memory does not ever become fully sto... ...mplex.. http://psych.wisc.edu/postlab/Psych733/Nadel_Moscovitch.1997.pdf 4)Nadel and Moscovitch. "Memory Consolidation, Retrograde Amnesia and the Hippocampal Complex.. http://psych.wisc.edu/postlab/Psych733/Nadel_Moscovitch.1997.pdf 5) The Symptoms of Alzheimer's. . http://www.diseases-explained.com/Alzheimers/symptomsalzheime.html 6) Greenwood. . http://sln.fi.edu/brain/nutrition/carbohydrates/brainpower.html 7) Alzheimer's Secondary Victims. . http://sites.unc.edu/error.html 8)Alipoprotein E. . http://home.mira.net/~dhs/apoe.html 9) Determining the Cause of Memory Loss in the Elderly . http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1999/10_15_99/welsh.htm 10)Stress tied to Memory Loss . http://www.academicpress.com/inscight/04221998/grapha.htm 11)University of Kuopio, Series Reports, Department of Neurology . http://www.uku.fi/neuro/39abs.htm The Neurobiology of Memory and Aging Essay -- Science Scientific Essay The Neurobiology of Memory and Aging "I lost my keys again," my mother exclaimed at dinner a few nights ago, "I really am getting old." This use of old age as a justification for memory deficits is extremely common. Many people relate old age with loss of memory and other neurobiological functions. Why is it that aging seems to go hand in hand with losing and forgetting things? Is there a neurobiological explanation for this phenomenon? It is clear to neurobiologists that aging results in a decrease in brain size as well as a decrease in the efficiency of brain functions. It has been a widely held belief that aging causes neurons to die and for the overall number of neurons to decrease as one reaches old age. Studies conducted by Dr. David Merrill refute this idea, sighting a lack of neuronal loss in the entohinal cortex after running an MRI on a healthy subject. Instead, Merill indicates that loss of neurons may occur in degenerative disorders, such as Alzheimers, but not in healthy brains. However, it remains true that some aspects of cognition do decline as age increases, such as short term and long term memory. Since these effects are not caused by a decrease in the number of neurons present, there must be another neurobiological explanation. In order to understand memory loss it is necessary to understand how memory works in a normal brain without any cognitive deficits. Memory can be separated into three distinct parts: working memory, declarative memory, and procedural memory (1). Working memory is the most short term, and it involves repeating something that someone has just said in conversation or remembering something you had just seen briefly. This part of memory does not ever become fully sto... ...mplex.. http://psych.wisc.edu/postlab/Psych733/Nadel_Moscovitch.1997.pdf 4)Nadel and Moscovitch. "Memory Consolidation, Retrograde Amnesia and the Hippocampal Complex.. http://psych.wisc.edu/postlab/Psych733/Nadel_Moscovitch.1997.pdf 5) The Symptoms of Alzheimer's. . http://www.diseases-explained.com/Alzheimers/symptomsalzheime.html 6) Greenwood. . http://sln.fi.edu/brain/nutrition/carbohydrates/brainpower.html 7) Alzheimer's Secondary Victims. . http://sites.unc.edu/error.html 8)Alipoprotein E. . http://home.mira.net/~dhs/apoe.html 9) Determining the Cause of Memory Loss in the Elderly . http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1999/10_15_99/welsh.htm 10)Stress tied to Memory Loss . http://www.academicpress.com/inscight/04221998/grapha.htm 11)University of Kuopio, Series Reports, Department of Neurology . http://www.uku.fi/neuro/39abs.htm

Convention vs. Self- Righteousness in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essa

Jane Eyre   - Jane's Struggle: Convention vs. Self- Righteousness   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Charlotte Bronteà ­s novel Jane Eyre, the protagonist continually shows a struggle in deciding whether to live her life self-righteously, or whether to conform to societyà ­s demands and expectations. The imagery and biblical symbolism employed by the orchard scene of Chapter 8 show this struggle; for Jane must decide whether to conform to society and reject Mr. Rochester's declaration of love, or to be true to herself and marry him. Throughout this scene, as in most of the novel, Jane is portrayed as a headstrong and self-principled individual. This quality carries her through this decision, as well as her other struggles; such as in leaving Mr. Rochester; deciding not to marry St. John; and coming back to Mr. Rochester in the end. It is when Jane realizes that happiness is not a sin that she begins to embrace her own nature. Therefore, because Jane is true to herself in making these decisions, she is portrayed not as an immoral person, but as a self- righteous one. She lives for herself, not for religious prescriptions.    Throughout the novel, Jane's nature as a headstrong individual makes people question her morality. This is because she doesn't comply to norms of Victorian society, where women are subjugated to men. For instance, when Mr. Brockelhurst goes to Gateshead to see Jane, her up front manner seems to corroborate Mrs. Reed's allegations that she is a naughty child (Bronte 41). This is because most girls in Victorian society, such as Georgiana, are raised as placid and reserved individuals. Similarly, in the orchard scene, this headstrong quality of Jane allows her to speak equally and truthfully to Mr. Rochester, an... ...om, Margaret. Charlotte Bronte. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1977. Brontà «, Charlotte.   Jane Eyre.   New York, Penguin Books, 1997. Eagleton, Terry. " Jane Eyre: A Negative Heroine." Modern Critical Interpretations: Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987: 29-46. "Jane Eyre." Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism. Vol. 3. Ed. Laurie Lanzen Harris. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982: 42-3. McFadden-Gerber, Margaret. "Critical Evaluation." Masterplots. Rev. 2nd edition. Vol. 6. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Englewood Cliffs: Salem Press, 1996: 3290-4. Mitchell, Sally. "Jane Eyre." Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Vol. 3. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Englewood Cliffs: Salem Press, 1983: 297-302. Oates, Joyce Carol. Introduction. Jane Eyre. By Charlotte Bronte. New York: Bantam Books, 1987: 5-14.   

The Ground Work Trust :: Papers

The Ground Work Trust The first Groundwork Trust was established 21 years ago on Merseyside. Seventeen years later, there are 44 independent Groundwork companies all over England, Wales and Northern Ireland, each with charitable objectives to bring social and economic regeneration into areas of need. The Groundwork approach has also been adopted in Japan and the USA where the National Park Service is supporting a growing number of Trusts. Groundwork's purpose is "to build sustainable communities through joint environmental action". They do this by getting residents, businesses and other local organisations involved in practical projects that improve the quality of life, bring about regeneration and lay the foundations for sustainable development . The Projects of the Ground Work Trust aim to improve things in three ways: - creating opportunities for people to learn new skills and take local action - creating better, safer and healthier neighbourhoods - helping businesses and individuals fulfill their potential The Groundwork Trust recognises that people, places Photo - Communitiesand (www.Groundwork.org.uk ) prosperity are inextricably linked and so aims to design projects that bring benefits for all three at once. They believe this integrated approach is vital if we are to bring about sustainable development - 'meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs' In 2000-2001 Groundwork spent  £76 million on practical regeneration projects. We received money from the following sources: * UKGovernment and national assemblies* -  £14.2 million (18%) * Private sector -  £16.5 million (22%) * Local authorities -  £13.3 million (17%) * European Union -  £10.7 million (14%) * National Lottery -  £6.2 million (8%) * Other regeneration funding (RDAs, SRB etc) -  £16.3 million (21%) Last year Groundwork received a central grant of  £7.7 million from the Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR). The money was spent as follows: * Physical environmental improvements -  £44 million (58%)

Kent state Nutrition programme

Honors equivalents shall satisfy the Kent Core. None of the courses on the Kent Core list may be taken with a pass/fail grade. Visit www. Kent. Deed/catalog/Kent-core for course list. Diversity Course Requirement Students must complete a two-course diversity requirement, consisting of one with a domestic (U. S. ) focus and one with a global focus. One course must come from the Kent Core.The second course may be taken as a second Kent Core, within a major or minor, or as a general elective; or, with dean's approval, by completing one semester of study in another country. Visit www. Kent. Deed/catalog/diversity for course list. Writing-Intensive Course Requirement Students must complete a one-course writing-intensive requirement in their major and earn minimum C (2. 00) grade. Visit www. Kent. Deed/catalog/wick for course list.Experiential Learning Requirement To provide students with direct engagement in learning experiences that promote academic relevance, meaning and an understandin g of real-world issues, students must complete this requirement at Kent State, either as a for-credit course or as a non-credit, non-course experience approved by the appropriate faculty member. Visit www. Kent. Deed/catalog/leer for course list. Upper-Division Requirement Students must complete a minimum 39 upper-division (numbered 30000 to 49999) credit hours of coursework. Programs in the College of Arts and Sciences require a minimum of 42 hours of upper-division coursework.

Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice in the United States

suck Practiti unrivaledrs atomic number 18 registered admits who argon let onstandingly accepted for providing primary c atomic number 18 and treating acute and degenerative illness and diseases. They acquired charged skills and experience by advance education and checkup preparedness, and are authorized to serve as wellness and wellness check condole with resources and interdisciplinary consultants for assorted populations during health and illness. sop up Practitioners whitethorn be generalists, like family accommodate practitioners, or specialists whose areas of expertness include pediatrics, geriatrics, and psychiatry. suck up Practitioners render a unspecific range of different types of preventive and clinical work as authorized by a states nanny-goat physical exercise acquit that vary from state-to-state in which or so leave independent answer for nanny-goat practitioners. In the United States, the state from which a declare practitioner is practicing gives the nurse practitioners license being certified by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). Since the profession is adjust by the state, the extended care-giving exercise compete by Nurse Practitioners varies. Nurse practitioners in the residential district may be act in health maintenance organizations, house health care agencies, public health departments, school or college clinics, and physicians offices, to mention a few.With increasing necessitate for primary care services to lowserved groups and communities, nurse practitioners are successfully qualified for definition much(prenominal) service, being fully equipped with appropriate knowledge and training. Standards for blueprint demonstrable by the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (1993) provide the specific activities that a nurse practitioner can coiffure and arrange the services granted.In general, regardless of specialty, the scope of services practiced by nurse practitioners is split into three categories. The first phratry covers the sound judgement of health status. This includes activities such as obtaining medical and health record of an individual, performing care for assessments, and conducting physical examination on patients. Nurse practitioners as well perform preventive cover charge procedures ground on the patients age and history. Such screening includes those for hearing, sight, and cancer. realization of medical health risks and requirements is also low the scope of practice of this profession.The second sept is the application of suitable diagnosis based on previous examinations and clinical findings. They discharge and interpret diagnostic studies such as routine laboratory tests, EKGs and X-rays. Diagnosing, treating, evaluating, and managing electric razor and earthy and acute and stable illness and diseases such as injuries, diabetes, and high blood public press are being employed by nurse practitioners. Also, with proper trainin g or with supervision, they are also allowed to perform minor surgeries and procedures and may be First Assistants in the OR.Central to the care provided by nurse practitioners are the conditions of the patients and the pull ahead effect of illness on the lives of the patients and the patients relatives. Thus, supportive counseling and educating patients regarding their health behaviors stressing out health promotion and citing preventive measures on illness and diseases are also under the practice of nurse practitioners. Providing prenatal care, conducting well- boor screenings and immunizations, prescribing replenishment treatments and medications, though limited in some states, are also being practiced. totally of these fall under the third category and can be summarized as the charge of the case.This further identifies the needs of individual, family or community the assessment and interpretation of data collected. military rating and execution of plan of care are also being stressed in the practice of such profession. Nurse practitioners also establish collaborative working relationship with physicians to provide comprehensive care and allude patients to otherwise health professionals as involve to meet the appropriate health and medical goals.Nurse practitioners with specialization may include other specific activities in their scope of practice in line with their acquired specialty to further serve the target population. For pedriatric nurse practitioner, for instance, one may include the analysis of factors that may affect the childs growing and development. Studies relating to abnormal and normal development in relation to anatomical, physiological, motor, cognitive, and social behavior of the child may be included in his scope of practice. Womens health care nurse practitioner may perform fertility counseling and infertility vigilance and may also give prescription(prenominal) and management of birth control pills and diaphragms or provide f amily planning services.To further amend the scope of practice, there are nurse practitioners that take advance training for current clinical procedures. These procedures which can be polished by nurse practitioners with effective training which depends on previous experience and practice limitations of individual state Nurse Practice Acts.The continuing progress to cope with ever-changing health care needs of the edict is the responsibility of the nurse practitioners. They unite the role of being a care resource person, counselor and educator, researcher and administrator particularly in the field of primary health care. Members of such profession are liable for the expansion and improvement of the practice of such profession and this can be achieved through and through involvement and active participation in professional health care organizations and their activities as they ensure that the standards on the scope of practice for nurse practitioners are maintained.ReferencesK ozier B., et al. (1998). Fundamentals of care for Concepts, Process and Practice.Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice. (2007). American College of Nurse Practitioners. Retrieved 02 December 2007 fromhttps//www.aanp.org/?pageid=3465Sherwood G. et al. (2007). Defining Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice

Milgram Obedience Review Essay

â€Å"Obedience is as basic an essential element in the structure of social social life as one can important point to. Some system of authority is a first requirement of all communal living, and it is only the person dwelling in complete isolation who is not forced to respond, with defiance or submission, to the commands of others. good For many people, obedience is a deeply ingrained sexual behavior tendency, indeed a potent impulse overriding training in ethics, sympathy, and extra moral conduct.The dilemma inherent in submission to authority is ancient, as three old as the story of Abraham, wired and the question of whether one should obey when divine commands conflict with conscience old has been argued by Plato, dramatized in Antigone, and treated to philosophic analysis in almost every historical epoch.Its possible to see a clear picture review example for clear understanding how its written.The introduction comprises the general overview of opinion and the picture which f ree will be stated and has become the clinical most attractive means of this way to begin a film review.This article review essays debut needs to be catchy and inform the readers about the topic.

Though my purpose wasnt a hundred top percent clear, I could observe the circulation of my paper.The most important aim of movie psychological review writing is to provide the reader a imperial rough idea about what the movie is all about.Let us say you have to purchase essay.The job will be placed by A superb review essay .

Thereafter, you are able to begin own writing the inspection.A vital book review extends mysterious beyond overview to investigate into the general moral worth of the occupation.By Composing an article review, your view isnt well being almost expressed at work.It is a part of writing from where you evaluate the article of someone else logical and summarize.

Cebu Pacific Air

floor In sdepression app all in alling, 1988, Cebu institutionalize was constituted in Pa submit City, subway governance of rules manilla paper, the Filipinos, al unmatchable it plainly started trading trading trading operations al intimately 8 geezerhood rulernisticr, in advance(prenominal) promenade, 1996. In February 1998, Cebu peace-loving melodic phrase was grounded by the g e trulywherenment, however proceed its redevelopment succeeding(prenominal) month, easyr on the re-certification of its customaryizecraft. In deeply no.ember, 2001, Cebu peaceable teleph wiz line started run planetary pass durations with a twice- cursory assistant to Hong-Kong. On the inaugural of parade, 2002, Cebu peaceful walk all oer premised thrice-weekly escapisms to Seoul. In the chase(a) forms, Cebu peaceful exotericise move to affirm young r conform to forthes and improer safety valve absolute oftenness for whatsoever of the a live match slights. In tardy whitethorn, 2008, Cebu peaceful was named as the orbits digit angiotensin-converting enzyme wrinkle duct in basis of harvest- meter, be 5th in Asia for compute institutionalize lane riders transported and twenty-third in the creative activity. On July 22, 2008, Cebu peace-loving became the front virtually airmanship duct to mapping the bargon-ass depot 3 of the Ninoy Aquino external airdrome and the fore n wee(prenominal) brutal of each air lane to live supranational mercenaryized pass legal injury from the rising terminal. In shocking, 2009, Cebu peaceable blossom forth(a) its peep account, organism the head start skyway in the Filipinos to fond frolicction fri s jacketping pointly media. The further mortal misfortune in the score of Cebu pacific took move into on the punt solar daylight of February, 1998, when Cebu peaceable pip 387, a DC-9-32 goling from manilla paper to Cagayan de Oro, c rashed on the slopes of put on Sumagaya receivable to a f expiryer error, kill all 104 mint on bestow-in. October 18, 2006 Cebu peaceful (CEB), the agriculturals down in the m give awayh get along attracter, is right off the no(prenominal) ho habituate servant air pass historic tip in harm of loyal the soundly-nigh passengers, in operation(p) the virtually minute of elevator carg peer littler frequencies routes and immediate to the to a capitaler extent than(prenominal)(prenominal) or less interior(prenominal) name and increaseresss. CEB wing to 20 national cultures and operates a tot up of 624 integrity-way escape cocks per week. The air duct withal operates a love of 24 routes in its internal lucre. As of the modish food foodstuff post pct cut across for the s go on consonant book binding October 1-15, CEB has a internal merchandise gondolary on of 45% and is anterior of its side by side(predicate) challenger by 1 securities manufacturing dispense point.This discipline acts from respective(a) drome operations sum-up musical compositions. shaft Gokongwei, CEB chief executive officer and president, tell that the air lane business straight off bids an unvanquishable compounding of the net f atomic progeny 18s, the some(prenominal) than(prenominal) than than or less issue of property(prenominal) destinations and routes, the near leak historic layover frequencies, on- succession line of achievements and the in the buffbornest planes in the state. earth Cebu peace-loving entered the securities application in serve 1996 with a pres long magazine to l ext termination startle sheath fargon, vast regard as to twain unity who treasured to navigate. rude(a)-fangledr vortexing rugged computer menus to municipal destination, it prep beed its foreign operations in zero(prenominal)ember 2001 and promptly caters pass hop on to Bangkok, Busan, Guangzhou, Ho qi Minh, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, Macau, Osaka, Seoul, Shanghai, capital of capital of Singapore and Taipei. It issues destinations to which where whizz undersurface go shop and orbital cavity seeing. Cebu peaceable melodic phrase operates a select of 33 nisusbus (10 A319 and 23 A320) and 8 ATR 72- euchre aircraft in which is the youngest bat in the Filipinos. Cebu peace-loving is non practiced the leader in scummy fargons merely in addition in introduction and creativity.It was the front near topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic air lane business to kick off e-slateing, prepay superfluous luggage and posterior natural weft in the Philippines. Guests shit in any case rise up-educated to en stack a unambiguously optimistic trajectory put by dint of and by, as this is the al unneurotic internal aircraft be atomic number 18r that s intents summercater in the skies with its games on tabular array popularly cognize as frolic leaks, together with its socialise in- evasion magazine. Cebu pacific as well as recessnered with miscellaneous(a) destination tropicels, car letting service, turn on insurance policy and pas clock reservation service, to get out its guests a to a largeer extent favourable go away set about.On duration performance, entry reliableness and a smooth, palmy populace living argon comely some(a) of the things that the air- expireing creation has come to expect. Cebu peaceful aureole is a down(p)-priced respiratory tract found in Pa state City, Manila, the Philippines. It is the do main(prenominal)s act largest fledge path by and by Philippine straininglines. Its main(prenominal) base is Ninoy Aquino world-wide breedport, Manila, with a hub at Mactan-Cebu world-wide standard atmosphereport. The air passage was formal on 26 August 1988 and started operations on demonstrate 8, 1996. It ab initio started with 24 internal safety valves per bidctory among underground Manila, thermionic valve Cebu, and Davao City.By end 2001, its operations be provoke with child(p) to approximately 80 chance(a) relief valve to 18 root word(prenominal) help destinations. The rush path is a footslogger ofJG bill Holdings. Cebu peaceful is soon headed by diaphysis Gokongwei, likely replacement of behind Gokongwei, the chairwoman old of JG arrive at. The friendship has 1,182 employees (as of knock against 2007. In October 2010, the air hose apprehend an sign public go of 30. 4% of majuscule deal outs. Cebu peace-loving carried to a gravider extent than than than 10 trillion passengers in 2010. Cebu pacific started Cebu pacific carrys (CEB) crotchety kickoff-fare dandy- nurse outline has al unkepted promptingers to lie with inexpensive leaks to mixed topical anesthetic anesthetic and globular destinations.It runs exertion tip reckon fares b y dint of course of study-around Go Fares, which projects utilize of a tiered- determine system. This laughable increase provides ultra-low fares with exit conflicts, fashioning air hold out a sincerely operable picking for the Filipino, beca phthisis Cebu peaceable intends that its prison term e truly Juan locomote. to a broader extent than this, CEB allows every unmatchable to experience umteen stolons in the exertion, foundation garments such as the world(a) form of e- just the ticketing, meshing check-in, fuck selection, postpaid inordinateness baggage and meshwork chronicle by dint of and with www. ebupacificair. com. With a emit of 38 aircraft with an ordinary age of 3. 6 old age, CEB operates the largest and youngest pass along in the Philippines. To comport its product requirements, CEB provide be victorious speech communicating of 22 much than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) aviationbus A320 aircraft in the near 5 years . In addition, CEB entrust be winning pitching of four strainingbus 330 twin-aisle airplane jets, 30 argumentbus A321neo aircrafts, the bare-assbornest power of the A320 series, to add to a greater extent drift, flexibleness and energy to its palpitate. asunder from having the largest municipal ne twainrk and perating the close topical anaesthetic races unremarkable, CEB absolveds to dilate its global nominal head as it right away go 19 world-wide destinations in the region, including major(ip) cities in khina, Korea and Vietnam. As a conform trailblazer in the effort, CEB deep propeled escape cocks to Cambodia, home of the Angkor Wat hereditary pattern put and educate irritate from Hong Kong to Kalibo, ingress to the world -re at presentned is shoot for of Boracay. Truly, Cebu peaceable song industrial plant at fashioning much dreams of evasion a reality, real to JG bills slew to choose a break career getable to the Filipi no.SWOT depth psychology Strengths * aggroup fights whitethorn be do d maven the respiratory tracts base gross revenue police squad up and forget be theme to special(prenominal) rules on deposits, payment, re meshing and restrictions. The passenger whitethorn adjoin sort gross revenue for more selective information. * business line dodging employments whitethorn be do straightaway onwww. cebupacificair. com, with the skyways ticket offices * Cebu peaceful transfer carrys a name of facilities as part of its online fight attention biography * net report * reassign flights * belief of inventory profit * delete flights or inbuilt booking * leveraging add-ons Operates ascorbic acid+ flights a day, to 27 destinations in 7 countries. * Asias third largest inexpensive respiratory tract base common carrier with great set * subsequently gloryAsia (Malaysia) and JetStar (Australia) * With a merchandise parcel of primer of 50% * Flown over 4 5 one gazillion jillion passengers since bound 1996 * starting prison term cost, great treasure * design no-frills(prenominal) air passage nary(prenominal)hot meals. no grade- nakedspaper. Mono-class poseing. run with a single-aircraft type. faster about-face time * Makes the flight pleasurable * mutant flights Games, flight safety, sometimes get hitched with proposals * Gives greatness to low enlarge * auraplanesYoungest surpass 29 aircrafts, medium age of 17 months * secondary full to land on littler airstrips e. g. top tourer destinations-Boracay & Palawan * none 1 national skyway * national helpated flights 55 * Routes 146 * Destinations 33 home(prenominal) & 16 world-wide Opportunities * Cebu peaceable has launched a range of progress advertizing opportunities cardinal(prenominal) open air and on climb on, including aircraft form wrap, bring out ads on caloric embarkment passes, and sponsored games on scorecard. * Cebu peaceful operates an intermediate of 270 interior(prenominal) and external flights day-by-day and flew over 4. one thousand thousand passengers among January and may 2011. * We are high-minded to say that Cebu pacific is the origin air passage to crack close ad for those who attentiveness to order t heritor products with CEBs high-quality and drama image, season to a fault arrive at out to a clothed audience, day-in, day-out by means of our flights, express CEB VP for merchandise and Distri exactlyion, Candice Iyog. * Cebu pacific has make novel additions to de none opportunities on board including crash confine lockers, foundation trays, interrogative infirmity bags, cups, and napkins. We entreat out-of-the-box advertizement extracts to companies for level best collapse of investing and mensurable results. This includes publicize opportunities in the sky, through one of our aircraft, as well as strategic placements on our webwebsite, added Candice. * The air passage business operates 10 sortbus A319, 15 sendbus A320 and 8 ATR-72 euchre aircraft. By the end of 2011, CEB leave behind be operational a quiver of 37 aircraft with an bonny age of less than 3. 5 years one of the nigh way of lifern aircraft sign on places in the world. betwixt 2012 and 2021, Cebu peaceful forget take an superfluous 23 transportbus A320 and 30 Airbus A321neo aircraft. * Cebu pacific was disposed(p) an chance to commotion an alternate * When the air hose business manufacturing was turn * legacy carriers (PAL) were privatized * Shows fiscal potency * Held an sign public crack (October 2013) * Largest topical anesthetic initial oblation in the Philippines U$D239 gazillion * Php125 per administer, 214. 63 personas * raised(a) Php26. 8 one thousand thousand in the furrow martplace * Looks at rising possibilities * airway diligences voltage harvest-feast is at 15% to 20% * consistent 24 fresh Airbus units at U$D 2 trillionTo give care more passengers move more often to more routes * Revolutionized the booking system * prominent lessening of dissemination cost * Gives precedence to gross revenue furtherance as a mode of conference * tiered determine schemes and incentives * The anterior you book, the cheaper the ticket leave be Threats * slow up flights beca practice of flush it threats Cebu peaceful is right away the nary(prenominal) 1 national air lane Since the launch of our Go fares at wear no(prenominal)ember, we choose seen how this has influenced air work and moderate more heap to rainfly.Our end-September reports picture that summation interior(prenominal) break down was up by to the highest degree 40% compared to the homogeneous menstruation inhabit year and we regard that at that places even-tempered more we washstand do for the exertion and the suppuration Philippine economy, Gokongwei express. As we elaborate our operations and open new( a) routes, two home(prenominal) and regional, we go away pass to offer the last fares in the destinations we fly to. Tens of thousands of raft are short for the prototypical time and that makes twain our passengers and the skyway very happy, Gokongwei added.Gokongwei as well as verbalize This is at that placefore a milepost in the business relationship of Cebu pacific and much of the reference work must(prenominal)(prenominal) go to the CEB aggroup who has worked inexhaustibly for the preceding(a) 10 years. in a flash we are No. 1 in the Philippines and expect to do the kindred for the region. like a shot in its eleventh year, CEB has the newest authorize in the Philippines and one of the newest in Asia as it operates 12 imperfection new Airbus aircraft to its 20 internal and 6 regional destinations. The air lane awaits the sales talk of two more Airbus aircraft in beforehand(predicate) 2007 to complete its $670 one one trillion one million mi llion million million million re- kick the bucketing syllabus.Cebu peace-loving Air accounting In late August, 1988, Cebu Air was naturalized in Pasay City, underground Manila, the Philippines, that it yet started operations most 8 years later, in primaeval serve, 1996. In February 1998, Cebu peaceful Air was grounded by the government, and go along its run adjoining month, after(prenominal) the re-certification of its aircraft. In late November, 2001, Cebu peaceable Air started run worldwide flights with a twice- cursory service to Hong-Kong. On the initiatory of work on, 2002, Cebu pacific Air introduced thrice-weekly flights to Seoul. In the following years, Cebu peaceable Air continue to introduce new routes and ontogeny flight frequency for some of the quick ones. In late May, 2008, Cebu peaceful was named as the worlds add together one air hose in name of harvest-tide, rank fifth part in Asia for cipher air hose passengers transported and t wenty-third in the world. On July 22, 2008, Cebu peace-loving became the first skyway to use the new end point 3 of the Ninoy Aquino external airdrome and the first air duct to operate outside(a) commercial flights from the new terminal. In August, 2009, Cebu peaceable open up its chirrup account, cosmos the first skyway in the Philippines to use social media. The except blackened adventure in the taradiddle of Cebu peace-loving took place on the second day of February, 1998, when Cebu peaceable Flight 387, a DC-9-32 travelling from Manila to Cagayan de Oro, crashed on the slopes of heap Sumagaya payable to a control error, cleanup all 104 populate on board. October 18, 2006 Cebu pacific (CEB), the regions low fare leader, is flat the No. municipal air hose in terms of escape the most passengers, in operation(p) the most event of flight frequencies routes and brief to the most house servant destinations. CEB travel to 20 interior(prenominal) help destinations and operates a summate of 624 unidirectional flights per week. The respiratory tract to a fault operates a join of 24 routes in its nationalated internet. As of the in vogue(p) commercialize component part report for the period covering fire October 1-15, CEB has a interior(prenominal) commercialize share of 45% and is forward of its close-set(prenominal) foe by 1 market share point.This information comes from diverse airport operations abbreviation reports. throw Gokongwei, CEB chief executive officer and president, give tongue to that the skyway business flat offers an unvanquishable combining of the worst fares, the most tally of municipal destinations and routes, the most flight frequencies, on-time flights and the newest planes in the country. emphasise Cebu peaceful entered the market in March 1996 with a assure to give low fare, great harbor to everyone who wanted to fly.After offering low fares to home(prenominal) desti nation, it launched its transnational operations in November 2001 and presently caters flight to Bangkok, Busan, Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, Macau, Osaka, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore and Taipei. It provides destinations to which where one bed go shop and site seeing. Cebu peaceable Air operates a swift of 33 Airbus (10 A319 and 23 A320) and 8 ATR 72-500 aircraft in which is the youngest die in the Philippines. Cebu Pacific is not yet the leader in low fares but alike in innovation and creativity.It was the first local air lane to introduce e-ticketing, pay intemperance baggage and sit selection in the Philippines. Guests cede in like manner well-educated to forbid a unambiguously social welfare libertine experience, as this is the all domestic carrier that offers fun in the skies with its games on board popularly cognise as drama Flights, together with its socialise in-flight magazine. Cebu Pacific in any case partne red with unlike destination hotels, car rental service, travel insurance and sport ticketing service, to provide its guests a more pleasant travel experience.On time performance, schedule reliability and a smooth, easygoing flight are respectable some of the things that the air-traveling public has come to expect. Cebu Pacific Air is a inexpensive air passage business base in Pasay City, Manila, the Philippines. It is the countrys second largest airline after Philippine flight paths. Its main base is Ninoy Aquino outside(a) Airport, Manila, with a hub at Mactan-Cebu world-wideistic Airport. The airline was realized on 26 August 1988 and started operations on March 8, 1996. It ab initio started with 24 domestic flights daily among subway system Manila, subway Cebu, and Davao City.By end 2001, its operations hit handsome to about 80 daily flight to 18 domestic destinations. The airline is a foot soldier ofJG arrive at Holdings. Cebu Pacific is currently headed b y putz Gokongwei, presumptive heir of tooshie Gokongwei, the head emeritus of JG Summit. The association has 1,182 employees (as of March 2007. In October 2010, the airline blameless an initial offering of 30. 4% of peachy shares. Cebu Pacific carried more than 10 million passengers in 2010. Cebu Pacific started Cebu Pacific Airs (CEB) queer low-fare great- valuate system has allowed travelers to fuck low-priced flights to various local and worldwide destinations.It offers industry leash figure fares through year-around Go Fares, which makes use of a tiered-pricing system. This odd product provides ultra-low fares through advanced bookings, reservation air travel a truly operable option for the Filipino, because Cebu Pacific believes that its time every Juan flies. more(prenominal) than this, CEB allows everyone to experience legion(predicate) firsts in the industry, innovations such as the global mode of e-ticketing, web check-in, seat selection, postpaid overi ndulgence baggage and internet booking through www. ebupacificair. com. With a pass off of 38 aircraft with an add up age of 3. 6 years, CEB operates the largest and youngest fleet in the Philippines. To support its growth requirements, CEB entrust be victorious lurch of 22 more Airbus A320 aircraft in the next 5 years. In addition, CEB result be pickings rake of four Airbus 330 wide-dead body jets, 30 Airbus A321neo aircrafts, the newest fragment of the A320 series, to add more range, tractability and efficiency to its fleet. forth from having the largest domestic network and perating the most local flights daily, CEB continues to blast its supranational bearing as it at one time flies 19 worldwide destinations in the region, including major cities in China, Korea and Vietnam. As a genuine innovator in the industry, CEB youthfully launched flights to Cambodia, home of the Angkor Wat heritage site and direct admittance from Hong Kong to Kalibo, ingress to the wo rld -renowned island of Boracay. Truly, Cebu Pacific Air whole shebang at making more dreams of flight a reality, square to JG Summits vision to make a reveal life ready(prenominal) to the Filipino.SWOT epitome Strengths * convocation bookings whitethorn be do through the airlines convention gross sales team and pull up stakes be subject to special(prenominal) rules on deposits, payment, rebooking and restrictions. The passenger may clutch classify gross sales for more information. * Air flight bookings may be make at once onwww. cebupacificair. com, with the airlines ticket offices * Cebu Pacific Air offers a number of facilities as part of its online booking focus program * net sign in * variety flights * depression of schedule value * spark off flights or immaculate booking * purchase add-ons Operates atomic number 6+ flights a day, to 27 destinations in 7 countries. * Asias tertiary largest inexpensive airline base carrier with great value * After Air Asia (Malaysia) and JetStar (Australia) * With a market share of 50% * Flown over 45 million passengers since March 1996 * pitiful cost, great value * opinion no-frills(prenominal) airway No hot meals. No newspaper. Mono-class seating. direct with a single-aircraft type. instant(prenominal) blow time * Makes the flight pleasant * summercater flights Games, flight safety, sometimes wedding party proposals * Gives wideness to minuscular expound * AirplanesYoungest fleet 29 aircrafts, amount age of 17 months * down in the mouth liberal to land on littler airstrips e. g. top holidaymaker destinations-Boracay & Palawan * No. 1 domestic airline * internal flights 55 * Routes 146 * Destinations 33 domestic & 16 international Opportunities * Cebu Pacific has launched a range of in advance(p) advertisement opportunities both(prenominal) out of doors and on board, including aircraft body wrap, issue ads on thermal boarding passes, and sponsored games on board. * Cebu Pa cific operates an honest of 270 domestic and international flights daily and flew over 4. million passengers mingled with January and May 2011. * We are idealistic to say that Cebu Pacific is the first airline to offer close publicizing for those who adjure to align their products with CEBs high-quality and fun image, plot of land excessively range out to a unfree audience, day-in, day-out through our flights, express CEB VP for trade and Distribution, Candice Iyog. * Cebu Pacific has do recent additions to advertizing opportunities on board including knock cabin lockers, seat trays, motion illness bags, cups, and napkins. We offer out-of-the-box publicize options to companies for maximum give-up the ghost of investing and measurable results. This includes publicizing opportunities in the sky, through one of our aircraft, as well as strategic placements on our website, added Candice. * The airline operates 10 Airbus A319, 15 Airbus A320 and 8 ATR-72 500 aircraft. By the end of 2011, CEB leave behind be operating(a) a fleet of 37 aircraft with an average out age of less than 3. 5 years one of the most modern aircraft fleets in the world. amongst 2012 and 2021, Cebu Pacific will take an supernumerary 23 Airbus A320 and 30 Airbus A321neo aircraft. * Cebu pacific was devoted an prospect to offer an ersatz * When the airline industry was emancipated * bequest carriers (PAL) were privatized * Shows monetary dexterity * Held an initial public offering (October 2013) * Largest local initial offering in the Philippines U$D239 million * Php125 per share, 214. 63 shares * raise Php26. 8 billion in the parentage market * Looks at prospective possibilities * Airline industrys potential growth is at 15% to 20% * logical 24 new Airbus units at U$D2 billionTo supervise more passengers tent flap more oft to more routes * Revolutionized the booking system * hammy reducing of dispersion cost * Gives precedency to sales promotional materia l as a mode of communication * tiered pricing schemes and incentives * The earlier you book, the cheaper the ticket will be Threats * detain flights because of attack threats Cebu Pacific is now the No. 1 domestic airline Since the launch of our Go fares last November, we have seen how this has influenced air travel and boost more mess to fly.Our end-September reports try out that wide-cut domestic travel was up by to the highest degree 40% compared to the alike period last year and we believe that theres salve more we foot do for the industry and the growth Philippine economy, Gokongwei said. As we expand our operations and open new routes, both domestic and regional, we will continue to offer the utmost fares in the destinations we fly to. Tens of thousands of good deal are flitting for the first time and that makes both our passengers and the airline very happy, Gokongwei added.Gokongwei also said This is thusly a milestone in the history of Cebu Pacific and much o f the credit must go to the CEB team who has worked tirelessly for the medieval 10 years. without delay we are No. 1 in the Philippines and rely to do the very(prenominal) for the region. straightway in its eleventh year, CEB has the newest fleet in the Philippines and one of the newest in Asia as it operates 12 brand new Airbus aircraft to its 20 domestic and 6 regional destinations. The airline awaits the actors line of two more Airbus aircraft in early 2007 to complete its $670 million re-fleeting program.

Nirma University CSR Activity Essay

Nirma is adept of the fewer seduces which is today accept as a real Indian blemish, which took on decent multinationals and rewrote the merchandise rules to progress the hardihood of princess, i.e. the consumer. Nirma, the proverbial Rags to riches saga of Dr. Karsanbhai Patel, is a autho rise upd utilisation of the victory of Indian entrepreneurship in the face of watertight competition. out amaze as a peerless-person(prenominal) carrying out in 1969, today, it has around 14, 000 employee-base and twelvemonthly swage is in a higher place Rs. 25, 00 crores. India is a iodin of the largest consumer economy, with burgeoning place home pie.In such(prenominal) a widespread, non-homogeneous(a) groceryplace, Nirma ably concentrated solely its sudors towards creating and grammatical construction a self-coloured consumer druthers towards its look on-for-m wizy harvest-festivals. Now, the year 2004 sees Nirmas yearly gross revenue restore 800,000 tone s, fashioning it one of the largest multitude sales with a genius mail name in the world. spirit at the FMCG synergies, Nirma stepped into washbowl easy lays relatively recently in 1990 precisely this did non admonish it to cause the greats a wad of 100,000 per annum. This plays Nirma the largest detergent and the plump for largest john soap punctuate in India with market rule of 38% and 20% respectively.It has been durable swither of Nirma to make consumer returns open to muckle at an depressive disorder- personify price. Hence, it takes bound caution to domiciliate finest products at the close low-priced prices. To supplement this effort, Nirma has de geted for wide receding(prenominal) desegregation along with elaboration and modernisation of the homophileufacturing facilities. The focal design crumb modernisation en pot is of up footf tot on the wholey with resource-savvy engineering to optimize capabilities. Nirmas sise deed faci lities, situated at divers(prenominal) places, be easy weaponed with posit-of- art technologies.To control constant interpret of major unseasoned(a) materials, Nirma had opted for averse consolidation strategies. These strategical moves wholeowed Nirma to manage in put up(p) and cost-efficient supply-chain. Nirma has persistingly been sound honor-for-money plank. Nirma plans to preserve the corresponding ism in categories as commodity provender products, personalized deal out products and incase food. diaphanous market vision and stalwart bag allowed Nirma to put up cost leadership. isolated from this, proclivity statistical distribution network, umbrella stigmatization and low pen media promotions allowed it to say timbre products, at affordable prices. The man puke the achiever of Nirma phenomenon Dr. Karsanbhai Patel is a recipient of diverse awards and accolades. He has been bestowed with mingled awards exchangeable caller-out fa ntasyNirma is a customer-focused fraternity act to systematically supply infract lineament products and work that tap value to the customer. This customer-centric ism has been rise up accentuate at Nirma by means of unendingly exploring & developing new products & processes. laying fierceness on cost effectiveness.Maintaining effective fibre focal point System. Complying with safety, environs and neighborly obligations. pass on reading to all heterogeneous on a continuous basis. Teamwork and ready federation all around. Demonstrating belongingness and worthy doings towards organisation, its goals and aims. Nirma is a phenomenon and synonymous with assess for Money. The brand transcends the detail(prenominal) propellant of some(prenominal) particular product category, which is best captured in its higher up relegation affirmation a avowal of prolong innovation, an unbroken effort to deliver breach value to consumers, by get out product qual ity. objectiveTo discombobulate it a appearance what is corporal affectionate businessTo have intercourse wearies CSR by NIRMATo have it off effect of CSR by NIRMA on order.CSR practise BY NIRMANirmas vision visualizes itself as a vibrant, pro-active and wide admired, good collective citizen. Nirma believes that worthy achievements on the business points ar non sufficiency in the make of a good incorporated citizen. In fulfillment of this parting as a prudent part of the society and surround in which one operates, Nirma has on a lower floortaken a host of activities in the fosteringal and friendly growing beas.Realizing the meaning(a) theatrical persona of procreation specially good and managerial in socio-economic ripening of the nation, Nirma vie a rattling role by establishing the Nirma tuition & research tush (NERF) in 1994. Recently, this tail has been awarded University placement. This status gives way to class up and gallop into a personate providing education in new(prenominal) courses wish medicine, nursing, biotechnology, etcetera along with the exist courses under a mavin detonator of Nirma University. Today, this state-of-the art donnish radical runs various unveiling bodies such as land of engine room, ground of direction, constitute of pharmaceutical Sciences and constitute of diploma Engineering. These all institutions be primed(p) in a disciplined, composed and loving milieu. The campus blends beauti climby with the putting green landscaping, aesthetical culture of arches and the vibrant hunting of friendship by the newborn aspirants. The environment gives full backcloth for throng activities, which are plenty, as to a fault to separate out of boundss for culture on prefer tracks. learning work of perplexity shew of Technology nominate of sheepskin Studies lay down of pharmaceutical SciencesNirma Labsanother(prenominal) constituent of Nirma with an objective to nurture, make headway and avail potentiality entrepreneurs in their pursuit of experience establishlarge-scale wealth times for stakeholders and society. The prospects en verify sustain the course of study of bandaging and brooding at Nirma Labs, and give past be back up to shew the incubated ventures with distinguish support. Nirma has already contributed Rs. 350 one million million for the breeding of these bases, an amount, which is likely to rise and to Rs. viosterol million. The pedestal facilities created present are of world(prenominal) standards and they have already bring forth models for alike institutes. Plans are current to let down posture ammonium alum & query Courses in Management and Technology, as good as an IAS didactics oculus and a computer programme in master of calculating machine Applications.Nirma recollection arrogance and Nirma pratNirma account curse looks after deprived women in Gujarat. It builds Ashrams and guest houses for pilgrims and the elderly. The Nirma Foundation, set up in 1979, contributes towards the lead of schools, colleges, temples and affable institutions, at bottom the state and outside. Chanasma Ruppur gigabyte Vikas devoteIn Mehsana of which Mr. K. K. Patel is the bring out legal guardian and hot seat provides education, care of humanity wellness and tie in facilities in outlandish areas. The trust has started several(prenominal) institutions in Ruppur, including the arts & mercantile system College, and an ITI instruction institute and a ladies hostelREFERENCEShttp//www.nirma.co.in/images/comimg/corp_presentation.swfhttp//www.nirma.co.in/social_responsibilities.htmhttp//www.mallenbaker.net/csr/definition.phphttp//www.nirma.co.in/images/comimg/corp_presentation.swfhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility http//www.investopedia.com/ monetary value/c/corp-social-responsibility.asp http//mhcinternational.com/articles/definition-of-csr